best vitamins to take when you have monobest vitamins to take when you have mono

Dont use supplements to replace healthy eating, says Patton. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the most common cause of infectious mononucleosis, but other viruses can also cause this disease. Zinc is only needed in small amounts. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. NSF International Certified for Sport. It is spread through saliva and symptoms may include sore throat, fever, fatigue, weight loss and loss of appetite. Vitamin B12 among vegetarians: Status, assessment and supplementation. Most vitamin A supplements contain vitamin A derived from fish liver oil or in the form of vitamin A carotenoids, which are plant compounds that your body converts into the active form of vitamin A. Fruits and veggies will help cleanse toxins from your system, and they are immune-boosting, so they should help to energize you. Because iron-deficiency anemia is rare among men, this multivitamin doesnt contain iron, which means less chance of digestive upset or constipation. You can take vitamin K supplements at any time of day with a meal or snack that contains fat. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and associated risk factors in the US population (2011-2012). Brain health experts have even pinpointed specific nutrients that are especially important for brain health, including helping to lower the risk of . Vitamin C and Immune Function. $10 at Amazon $14 at Walmart. And with mono, besides sleeping, its pretty much all that you can do. Bioavailability of Micronutrients From Nutrient-Dense Whole Foods: Zooming in on Dairy, Vegetables, and Fruits. Because of the size of the capsule and the amount of nutrients included, it is a two-capsule dose, which some people may find cumbersome. People with poor absorption: People have decreased ability to absorb nutrients because of one of the following may benefit from a multivitamin. Horrocks LA, Yeo YK. Check with your healthcare provider if you have questions about supplementing with these vitamins, as they may not be appropriate for everyone. We independently evaluate all recommended products and services. Getting your recommended daily allowance of vitamins can help keep your body strong and healthy. Nature Made Multi is a favorite among those looking for a quality vitamin at an affordable price. Keep in mind that if you eat a balanced diet, taking vitamin A supplements typically isnt necessary. For example, iron, which is found in many multivitamins, may cause constipation for some people, especially those who already have digestive problems. Iron deficiency anemia [published correction appears in Am Fam Physician. Taking a multivitamin with a meal may help enhance the absorption of certain nutrients and help decrease your risk of digestive issues. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin containing antioxidants that promote healthy tissue growth. The body does not store. A lutein-enriched diet prevents cholesterol accumulation and decreases oxidized LDL and inflammatory cytokines in the aorta of guinea pigs [published correction appears in J Nutr. If you take a blood thinner, work with your doctor or registered dietitian to determine if a multivitamin is safe for youand if so, at what dose. To function properly, your body needs 13 vitamins 9 of which are water-soluble and 4 of which are fat-soluble. Pro-tip: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends that children 1-13 years of age and adults 19-70, including pregnant and breastfeeding women, get 600 IU of vitamin D per day. People without a thyroid gland might have low levels of vitamin B-12. Vitamin E has the antioxidant benefits of keeping your immune system strong, but also can help with dilating blood vessels and preventing blood clots, says Patton. For example, take one pill with breakfast and one with lunch. Melatonin. The NIH agrees, recommending no more than a 350-mg supplement for adults. Jonathan Valdez, RDN, spokesperson for the New York State Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and owner ofGenki Nutrition recommends that you get calcium in the form of calcium citrate. "It helps . Because these supplements commonly contain both fat- and water-soluble vitamins, its typically recommended to consume them with a meal. Have your blood vitamin D level checked. Because the research on efficacy and safety varies significantly for each different additional ingredient, its best to choose a multivitamin without additional ingredients and review the potential benefits of additional supplements with your healthcare provider. However, anyone can get. Vitamin C Vitamin C offers a three-pronged approach to fighting the Epstein-Barr virus. The Basic Nutrients 2/Day is no exceptionit covers the multivitamin bases without unnecessary extra herbs or enzymes found in many multivitamins on the market. Since absorption rates vary from person to person, a higher dose might be beneficial for some people. 5 Vitamins You Should Take More Of - Cleveland Clinic Most research on multivitamin use and chronic disease is observational. Fish, olive oil and veggies? Cold, flu? Should you be taking vitamins or is it a myth? The 9 Best Multivitamins of 2023 | by Verywell Fit Traber MG, et al. But surprisingly, studies do not show a benefit to consuming large amounts of Vitamin C when you catch a cold. Iron should be in your multivitamin, but not everyone needs the same amount of iron, Lerman advises. As with most gummy vitamins, one serving contains 5 grams of added sugar, which is relatively high for young kids. What are the best vitamins to take daily? - fourfive There are certain foods that will help strengthen your immune system and improve your symptoms when you have mono. As such, you dont need to take them with food for them to be absorbed. Nutr Rev. They can help you decide which products to take, or if you need to take any at all. Answer (1 of 6): I am 17 currently suffering from mono. fortified foods like milk, juice, and cereal. Morning or Night? But your body may absorb some nutrients better if you take them with a meal containing fat. To help come up with this list, we consulted with Lauren Manaker, MS, RDN, LDN, CLEC, CPT. What Is Anamu, and Does It Have Benefits? MONOLAURIN - Uses, Side Effects, and More If you follow a restrictive diet, eliminate entire food groups, have a diagnosed deficiency, have a medical condition, or take medications that interfere with nutrient absorption, you may want toconsider a multivitamin. Follow the links to read common uses, side effects, dosage details and read user reviews for the. But if youre growing out your nails, fighting depression, or looking to combat inflammation, this ingredient is important, too. Sources of vitamin E include vegetable oils, avocados, spinach, seeds and nuts, and whole grains. Dietary fat increases vitamin D-3 absorption. This means it may not be necessary to take vitamin E with a fat-containing meal as long as you consume enough fat at subsequent meals. Folate (or folic acid) is best known for aiding in fetus development and preventing birth defects. Multivitamin/mineral supplements: fact sheet for health professionals. What Is Magnesium Malate, and Does It Have Benefits? Supplements that are third-party tested are sent to a lab where they are tested to ensure they contain what they say they contain and are not contaminated with specific high-risk, common contaminants. Price at time of publication: $21 for 120 count ($0.70 per serving). It is estimated that about half of American adults take some type of vitamin or mineral supplement. Goncalves A, et al. We test the best supplements along with vegan alternatives to give your health a boost from Boots, Superdrug, Holland & Barrett and more What Is Choline? Schrder M, et al. See additional information. For ages 70 and older it is 20 micrograms (800 IU). While there are a lot of plant-based sources of iron, you just dont absorb it as well. And the bottlesalthough plasticare made from recycled materials. Everyones vitamin needs are different, so its a good idea to talk to your doctor or registered dietitian before starting to take supplements. Even a complete diet may not be giving you the nutrients you need, when you need them. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Vitamin B-12. The amount of iron in this supplement may not be needed for men and postmenopausal women, both with an RDA of 8 milligrams, unless they have a diagnosed deficiency or a diet low in iron. I know the pain you are going through and I read many of the answers. (2018). Moderate 'multivitamin' supplementation improved folate and vitamin B12 status in the elderly. The minerals iron, calcium, iodine, magnesium, selenium, copper, molybdenum, and manganese also can be damaging if consumed in excess. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Another variation of the B vitamins, riboflavin helps the body break down and process the three macronutrients (protein, carbs, and fats), as well as promoting a healthy skin complexion. And also used a lot for growth, development and the creation of cells.. This is the hardest part, but you have to say goodbye to high-carb foods because they promote inflammation, which can make your already inflamed insides even worse. Lykstad J, et al. (2012). Several research studies conducted in the 1970s and 1980s found that an underactive thyroid potentially impairs the body's ability to absorb vitamin B-12. When is the best time to take a multivitamin? Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, meaning it is best taken with water. Vitamin D: Screening and Supplementation During Pregnancy. Here are 7 emerging health. (2014). 2008 Oct 15;78(8):914]. For example, its recommended that people with a B12 deficiency take B12 supplements on an empty stomach with water to promote maximal absorption. How long does it last? Some of the benefits of iron include: Those who eat red meats typically get enough iron, but certain circumstances like having your menstrual cycle, going through puberty, and being pregnant may increase the amount of iron you need. Multivitamins. (2017). Garretto D, et al. (2016). It contains the active form of folate, which may help your body absorb and utilize this nutrient. Pro-tip: Therecommended amount of B-12 is less than 3 mcg, so Lerman recommends looking for a vitamin with 1 to 2 mcg per serving because your body gets rid of any extra B-12 when you pee. It also contains vitamin K2, which is difficult for many people to obtain through diet (its primarily found in fermented dairy). 2007;75(5):671-678. Am Fam Physician. Zinc helps boost your immune system and possibly prevent infection like pneumonia, says Patton. 2023 Healthline Media LLC. Older adults: If an older adult has decreased intake because they have trouble chewing and swallowing, have taste changes, or have a depleted appetite because they are lonely, they may need a multivitamin supplement. While these nutrients are found in varying amounts in food, some people need to supplement with certain vitamins to meet their nutritional requirements. National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Mononucleosis - Diagnosis & treatment - Mayo Clinic doi:10.3945/ajcn.2010.28674B. There is no standard dose for multivitamins, though most manufacturers use daily values (DVs), dietary reference intakes (DRIs), and adequate intakes (AIs) to determine the dosage of each vitamin or mineral. Gabrielle Kassel (she/her) is a queer sex educator and wellness journalist who is committed to helping people feel the best they can in their bodies. Best vitamins to take. In addition, some people find that taking a vitamin on an empty stomach can lead to nausea or other digestive upset. We like that all of their supplements are both internally and third-party tested for purity and potency and are formulated based on evidenced-backed science. Its important to ensure that no nutrients in your multivitamin exceed the upper limit as established by the National Institute of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. These gummies are free of the major eight allergens and dont contain artificial flavors or synthetic colors. Garlic may also shorten the duration of a cold. This prenatal vitamin does not contain iron or omega-3s, which you may want to consider taking separately, depending on your diet and nutritional status. Unlike other options . 2023 Healthline Media LLC. However, those side effects are typically associated with higher doses of 45 milligrams per day or more. Every college students worst nightmare, but a very possible fate. (2019). (2001). Health benefits of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). For example, vitamin K, which is found in most multivitamins, interacts with warfarin (Coumadin), a blood thinner. Below is a list of common natural remedies used to treat or reduce the symptoms of Mononucleosis. Co-carcinogenic effects of vitamin E in prostate. They may even offer, Anamu is an herb that has long been used in folk medicine to boost immunity, treat various chronic illnesses, and fight inflammation and pain. If your diet is limited in these nutrients, or if a health care professional has recommended supplementation of these nutrients specifically, you may want to consider a different multi, or adding additional individual supplements to target your needs. However, its important to note: Because multivitamins contain nutrients that can be toxic in excess, its important to choose a supplement that is third-party tested and verified to ensure that the levels on the label match what is in the supplement. Your body filters and eliminates excess water-soluble vitamins (the B vitamins and vitamin C), so it is difficult to over-consume these. (2017). 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Needed for normal metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and fats. For those who have an iron deficiency, vitamin C can help your body absorb it better. Its also important to break up your protein consumption throughout the day, so that your blood sugar levels stay stable and provide you with energy all day. Its important to eliminate trans fats from your diet when recovering from mono, and instead, get your healthy fats going. Normally, most vitamins can be taken at any time of day. The best time of day to take a multivitamin is when you can remember to take it consistently. Melse-Boonstra A. She's a healthcare journalist who writes about healthy eating and offers evidence-based advice for regular people. Uwitonze AM, et al. Last medically reviewed on January 19, 2021. Which, (hello!) That said, people who have certain medical conditions, including short bowel syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and Crohns disease, may have to supplement with vitamin E to avoid deficiency. 2022;80(2):141-156. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuab004. Melatonin can be a secret weapon against jetlag, though. ConsumerLab.com. 2013 Jun;143(6):934], The photobiology of lutein and zeaxanthin in the eye, Multivitamin and multimineral supplements review & top picks, Iron deficiency anemia [published correction appears in Am Fam Physician. Low vitamin D makes you more prone to catching an infection and more likely that the infection will linger much longer. The RDA for men is 11 milligrams and 8 milligrams for women. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we: We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness. If you had to check, you may want to double-check again. We break down what vitamins and minerals you should take every day and their benefits. They also offer a research-backed questionnaire to help guide your supplement selections, which is a helpful resource in determining your potential supplement needs. It contains a wide variety of essential nutrients, including an adequate dose of vitamin D, a vitamin that you may not be getting enough, particularly if you have limited sun exposure. You need to regularly consume water-soluble vitamins because, unlike fat-soluble vitamins, theyre not readily stored in your bodys tissues. Choline is an important nutrient for fetal development that many prenatal supplements lack. It suppresses white blood cell activity, and theyre the main fighters against the mono thats infesting your body. Because at the end of the day, supplements should be considered bonus boosters, not replacements for food. Care/of is a subscription-based service that allows you to curate your own customizable, daily, supplement packets based on your individual needs. Sugar, which includes things like cookies, cereal and candy, is also off limits. Although data on the long-term health benefits of taking a multivitamin is inconsistent, its known that taking them can help fill nutrient gaps, particularly in vulnerable populations like older adults and people who are pregnant. Oh C, et al. We include products we think are useful for our readers. Multivitamins are an excellent addition if a person is not eating a well-balanced diet or they are eliminating entire food groupswhich can result in nutrient gaps. Additionally. Also, keep in mind that because excess vitamin C is excreted, doses over 1,000 mg typically arent needed except under specific circumstances, such as during high-dose intravenous (IV) vitamin C treatment. Monolaurin is used for the common cold, flu (influenza), shingles ( herpes zoster ), and other . A balanced and varied diet is the best way to get a healthy supply of vitamins and minerals. Global Vitamin C Status and Prevalence of Deficiency: A Cause for Concern? Had gastric bypass. Liquids will be your right hand men in defeating the menacing mono. As with other SmartyPants supplements, these are NSF tested and certified, making them a solid choice. Lions mane mushrooms and their extracts contain bioactive substances that have beneficial effects on the body. She adds that this mineral can also: But a lot of people are magnesium deficient because they arent eating the right foods, not because they need supplements. Multiple-micronutrient supplementation in pregnant adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and a meta-analysis of individual participant data. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For example, one study in 50 older adults found that vitamin D absorption was 32% greater in those who took a vitamin D supplement with a fat-containing meal compared with those who took it with a fat-free meal. While there is some research to show that people who take a multivitamin have better health, it is hard to draw conclusions from this research. You can split it up into different times of the day or take both capsules at the same time. (2020). It's important to let your healthcare . This article explores whether its possible to consume too much vitamin C and what the potential side effects are. People who may benefit from taking a multivitamin include: Those who eat a limited diet:Those following vegan or vegetarian diets, restricted diets due to a health condition, or those who have difficulty eating a wide range of foods, may benefit from supplementing with individual vitamins or minerals or taking a multivitamin. Iron helps transport oxygen in blood. (2016). DOI: Garcia-Cazarin ML, et al. The recommended daily allowance (RDA) for vitamins and minerals is the average daily intake a person needs to avoid deficiencies and stay healthy. Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind. This article, Pueraria mirifica or Kwao Krua has long been used as a rejuvenation therapy in traditional Thai medicine practices. Chollet D, et al. Carr AC, et al. (2023). Vitamin D is needed for immune function, bone health, cellular growth, and more. doi:10.7759/cureus.2741, Bloor SR, Schutte R, Hobson AR. Vitamin B-12 Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Written by R. Y. Langham, Ph.D. 27 November, 2018 Mononucleosis is a viral infection caused by the Epstein Barr virus. Youre going to want to be sure to get your protein intake up during mono. The 5 Macrobid (Nitrofurantoin) Interactions to Watch for Vitamin C is safe to take in recommended amounts at any time of day. Water-soluble nutrients can be taken with or without food and at any time of day. Best Time to Take Vitamins (morning, afternoon or evening) - Active Iron Infectious mononucleosis, also called "mono," is a contagious disease. Learn more. B vitamins are sold individually or as B complex supplements that contain all eight B vitamins. Unfortunately, more than 1 billion people worldwide are deficient in this important nutrient. Cureus. Iron, vitamin D, B12 and calcium are among the most common vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Thats where multivitamins come in. Nature Made is one of the most well-known vitamin brands out there, namely for the affordability of their supplements. The majority of B vitamins are used to turn food into energy, says Patton. Food is the preferred source of nutrients, but if you are unable to meet your vitamin and mineral needs through food alone, multivitamins can be helpful to fill in the gaps. Relationship Between Urinary Concentrations of Nine Water-soluble Vitamins and their Vitamin Intakes in Japanese Adult Males. 5. is basically everyone. The best vitamins to take daily are those nutrients that may be lacking in your body due to your diet and the changing environment. Get it? Keep in mind that even though vitamin E is essential to health, taking too much in supplement form could cause harm in certain populations. Jacobs DR, Tapsell LC. Always speak with a healthcare professional before adding a supplement to your routine to ensure that the supplement is appropriate for your individual needs, and to find out what dosage to take. In short, it depends. Copyright document.write(new Date().getFullYear()) Her Campus Media LLC. Vitamin E Deficiency. Price at time of publication: $14 for 90 count ($0.15 per serving), Key specs:Form: Tablet | Serving Size: 1 tablet | Servings per Container: 90. Magnesium. Policy. Vitamin D Deficiency. Adding these foods to your diet will also improve your immunity and keep your cell membranes functioning well, which is what were going for. The 9 Best Multivitamins of 2023, According to a Dietitian. Magnesium involvement in sleep: Genetic and nutritional models. Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. Fan Chen, Mengxi Du, Jeffrey B. Blumberg, et al. Vitamins That Are Good for People Without a Thyroid | livestrong Any more than that and Valdez says you may feel nauseous. (2001). How To Strengthen Your Immune System If You Have - Liver Doctor Best Supplements 2023: What to Take For Health, Stress, Immunity National Institutes of Health. What Is Anamu, and Does It Have Benefits. Its a more active form which generally indicates a more wholeful product, suggests Isabel K Smith, MS, RD, CDN. Oral iron supplementationGastrointestinal side effects and the impact on the gut microbiota. Your body absorbs and stores nutrients in different ways. imoliūnas E, et al. (2014). Vitamin K also plays a role with calcium in keeping your bones really healthy, says Patton. Its easier than ever to gain key insights into your health, including possible vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Rowe S, et al. 7 Ingredients Your Multivitamin Should Have, According to Experts Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. 2018;10(6):e2741. Vitamin C can be found in many fruits and vegetables. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we: We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness. You tryna be tricky? Best budget multivitamin. Women in particular start losing bone density earlier, and getting enough calcium from the start is the best nutritional defense against this loss. Symptoms in teens and adults tend to be worse than those in . Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. What supplements should you take? An experts' guide The average American diet isnt rich in foods that offer zinc, and the body cant store zinc, which is why Lerman recommends your daily supplements highlight this ingredient. Heres why these vitamins are essential, how much you need, and how to get more. 2015;2015:687173. doi:10.1155/2015/687173. Fact checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and timeliness. Office of Dietary Supplements. On the other hand, taking vitamins D and K together can be beneficial, as these nutrients work synergistically to promote bone health and healthy calcium levels in your body. Daily intake of vitamins and minerals: What to know - Medical News Today magnesium. (2019). Vitamin D helps our bodies absorb calcium, which is important for bone health. It also rose to the top because its free from all of the major eight allergens and contains omega-3 fatty acids, specifically DHA, which is linked to improved learning and cognition in kids. However, the optimal vitamin D dosage for pregnant women is still an emerging area of research, and this supplement is at the high end of the established Upper Tolerable Intake Level. For example, one animal study found that oil-based and microsomal vitamin D supplements vitamin D encapsulated in fatty acid spheres can be taken without food. Vitamin A is in many dairy products and yellow- or orange-colored fruits and vegetables. Please bring the supplement label to a healthcare provider to review the different ingredients contained in the supplement and any potential interactions between these ingredients and other supplements and medications you are taking. Not enough iron may result in a weak immune system and fatigue. Research has shown that multivitamins are effective at reducing the risk ofvitamin and mineral deficiencyand ensuring adequate nutrient intake. Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. Red meat and poultry are good sources of zinc, as are beans, nuts and whole grains. We asked four experts to tell us which seven ingredients your multivitamin should have, no matter what brand you choose. (You would need to consume around 54 eggs to get 2000iu of Vit D - equivalent of one Fourfive capsule.) Vitamin C plays many critical roles in your body. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039119. People who take certain medications, like oral hormonal birth control, may benefit from taking a multivitamin as well, as this medication may deplete certain vitamin levels when they are taken for a long period of time, says Manaker. We want to steer clear of processed foods, and eating fresh fruit and vegetables is the perfect solution. (2020). Read our, Thorne Research Basic Nutrients 2/Day at Amazon, Nature Made Multivitamin Complete at Amazon, SmartyPants Adult Formula Gummies at Amazon, Garden of Life mykind Organics Women's Once Daily Multi at Amazon, Fullwell Women's Prenatal Multivitamin at Fullwellfertility.com, SmartyPants Masters 50+ Multivitamin at Amazon, SmartyPants Daily Gummy Multivitamin at Amazon, Garden of Life mykind Organics Women's Once Daily Multi, The 10 Best Greens Powders of 2023, According to a Dietitian, SmartyPants Women's Masters 50+ Multivitamin, The 6 Best Multivitamins for Women of 2023, SmartyPants Kids Formula Daily Gummy Multivitamin. Cavalier E, et al. Each vitamin and mineral has a specific RDA. Vitamin subscription services not only deliver vitamins to your door but also help you keep track of what to take when. July 2011. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Some people need to be cautious about certain nutrients. A Review of the Extraction and Determination Methods of Thirteen Essential Vitamins to the Human Body: An Update from 2010. decrease the potential gastrointestinal side effects, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5707683/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4882721/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3727637/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4169010/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5746510/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4566462/, sps.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/UKMI_QA_Oral-Vitamin-B12-preparations_May-2020.pdf, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7393990/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071347/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4959991/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7400810/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7507351/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5227980/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4134006/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6631968/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6821549/, ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-HealthProfessional/, ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminE-HealthProfessional/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6690912/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6099991/, Multivitamin Side Effects: Timespan and When to Be Concerned, 8 Common Signs Youre Deficient in Vitamins, How Cooking Affects the Nutrient Content of Foods.