journal of employee assistancejournal of employee assistance

See page 18. Received 2022 Mar 10; Accepted 2022 Apr 20. A congruence model for diagnosing organizational behavior. Evaluating the performance of employee assistance programs (EAP): a checklist developed from a large sample of public agencies. Understanding EAP effectiveness in context may assist in identifying and integrating individual and organisational pathways to improve employee psychological health and wellbeing, and may provide desirable impetus to inform employers, organisational policy and EAP providers. The observation that distress changed but not PSC indicates that EAPs are likely successful at reducing thoughts and feelings of distress but not helpful in changing the workplace climate. Based on published research as well as data we collected from nearly 200 employees on important topics to broach in a 1:1, we have identified 28 key questions in seven broad categories to help you . Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 23(3): 283293. Send readers directly to specific items or pages with shopping and web links. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas. In other words, if satisfaction is high then improvements should be greater than when they are low. London: Sage. Consistent findings from previous survey-based satisfaction studies show that when clients are satisfied overall with the EAP services provided, the specific counsellor and the EAP treatment, there are reported improvements in emotional health and quality of life [21,45,46,47]. Nicholson J. Get discovered by sharing your best content as bite-sized articles. As shown in Table 2, after entering the main effects of Time and PSC, the PSC Time interaction was significant, B = 0.21, SE = 0.10, t = 2.17, p = 0.04. your express consent. PDF Contextualising the Effectiveness of an Employee Assistance Program Volume 58, Issue 4 p. 144-166. Enable groups of users to work together to streamline your digital publishing. Using a control group would assist in ruling out competing explanations. Enable groups of users to work together to streamline your digital publishing. INTERNATIONAL MARKET DAY 330-399-8298 by The Warren Flea & Farmers Market Public Personnel Management, 21: 5580. To date there is little evaluation of the moderating role of client satisfaction with the EAP on their future psychological health. Addict Behav. Our time frame of around one month for follow up was made in consultation with the EAP association to enable time for proactively scheduling appointments and for participants to attend EAP sessions. and transmitted securely. A Global Perspective on Promoting Workplace Mental Health and the Role Kirk-Brown A., Wallace D. Predicting burnout and job satisfaction in workplace counselors: The influence of role stressors, job challenge, and organizational knowledge. Payne N., Jones F., Harris P.R. Macdonald, S., Lothian, S., & Wells, S. 1997. The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8: Psychometric properties in a cross-sectional survey of people attending residential substance abuse treatment. Canberra: Safe Work Australia. According to GHQ cut-off scores for psychological distress, the sample at Time 1 and Time 2 had a mean score much greater than 12 indicating high risk for diagnosis of a psychological disorder [53]. However, rigorous research on the effectiveness of programs to improve work-related outcomes is lacking. EAPs provide services for individuals, families, management and organisations as a whole, and have increased in prominence in recent years [6,20]. Scores from each subscale for all 12 items are combined to create a total score of 12 to 60. Organizational psychology: Reading on human behavior in organizations: 587603. However, only in the context of high PSC levels were those mindfulness interventions sustainable [68]. Hence EAPs appear to have a tertiary prevention function (reducing symptoms) rather than a primary prevention function (tackling problems at their source). For employers and EAP providers alike, with evidence informed decisions can be made regarding the implementation of EAPs within their organizations, ultimately facilitating an increase in the effective delivery of these initiatives. Asia Pacific Journal of Management A moderate negative correlation was observed between PSC scores at Time 1 and GHQ scores at Time 2, r = 0.53, p < 0.01, whereas cross-sectional relationships between GHQ and PSC scores at Time 1 and Time 2, respectively, produced weak and negative correlations that were not significant (Time 1, r = 0.17 and Time 2, r = 0.14). information on the CEAP. Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings, 4th ed. Here you'll find an answer to your question. Department of Accounting, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, Department of Business Administration, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, CYT Building, CUHK, Shatin, District, Hong Kong, You can also search for this author in Say more by seamlessly including video within your publication. The .gov means its official. Joseph, B., & Walker, A. Bhagat, R. S., Steverson, P. K., & Segovis, J. C. 2007. International and cultural variations in employee assistance programmes: Implications for managerial health and effectiveness. Host your publication on your website or blog with just a few clicks. We expand this to include demographic questions and self-report psychological distress, PSC and satisfaction. BN. The items are measured on a 4-point Likert scale with scores from 0 to 4 with a typical response format, 0 = better than usual to 4 = much less than usual [51]. EAPs have a long pedigree in both academic and practitioner contexts. Job stress in users of an Employee Assistance Program and association Deliver a distraction-free reading experience with a simple link. Study confirms effectiveness of EAP counseling. Workers experiencing psychological health problems may access EAPs for professional assistance with personal or work-related issues that may be negatively impacting their work performance or employ-ment. EAPA publishes the Journal of Employee Assistance, hosts the annual EAP Conference and EXPO, and offers training Dive into our extensive resources on the topic that interests you. Finally, we proceeded with a mixed effects model even though the ICC-1 was not significant. Work Adjustment and General Level of Functioning Pre- and Post-EAP Counseling. The site is secure. Employee Assistance Programs: A Misunderstood and Underused - LWW EAP = Employee Assistance Program, GHQ = General Health Questionnaire, PSC = Psychosocial Safety Climate, T1 = Time 1, T2 = Time 2. Abstract. Here you'll find an answer to your question. New Jersey:Prentice Hall Publishers. However, rigorous research on the effectiveness of programs to improve work-related outcomes is lacking. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted We expect that when clients are satisfied with the EAP service that a positive result would be more likely for them. The role of employee assistance programmes. Accessibility When satisfaction is low the effect will not be as strong. Lambardi, E. and Lardani, A. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. I have been a member of EAPA since the 1990's. A solution to this limitation might be to incorporate more objective measures in future research, perhaps reported by the EAP, such as the type of assistance utilised. This is a preview of subscription content, access via Available online: Selvick R., Bingaman D. EAP outcomes: From the clients point of view. The independent variable was time, which reflects the EAP intervention (individual sessions) delivered within an approximate one-month time frame. Your IP: The repeated measures evaluation was a strength in the study design, but there are some limitations. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Data is temporarily unavailable. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (PDF) Utilization of EAP Services - ResearchGate Developing a performance evaluation mechanism for Portuguese Marine Spatial Planning using a participatory approach. Recent Dev Alcohol. The Australian Workplace Barometer: Psychosocial Safety Climate and Working Conditions in Australia. Employee Assistance Program (EAP), which is designed to facilitate employee well-being by managing their personal work-related issues, plays an important role in human resource management. Before Employee Assistance Quarterly - ResearchGate Perry, R. W., & Cayer, N. J. A Global Perspective on Promoting Workplace Mental Health and the Role Make data-driven decisions to drive reader engagement, subscriptions, and campaigns. This structure allows members to receive local support, education and networking. Raudenbush S.W., Bryk A.S., Cheong Y.F., Congdon R., Du Toit M. Little R.J.A. Available online: Hall G.B., Dollard M.F., Coward J. Psychosocial safety climate: Development of the PSC-12. We tested a 2-level null model, which showed most of the variance in GHQ was due to the occasion accounting for 99.90% of the variance whereas 0.10% was due to the person. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Kim, D. S. 1988. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. A further systematic review [29] supported workplace counselling as an intervention for reducing psychological problems. Assessing Employment Assistance Programs: Evaluation typology and models. Rebecca Lane, Angelika Labno, Sophie D'Souza, Roz Ullman, Rosie Singleton, Dickon Bevington, Duncan Law, Andrew Rogers, Jenna Jacob & Julian Edbrooke-Childs. Csiernik, R. 1995a. The impact of employee assistance services on workplace outcomes: Results of a prospective, quasi-experimental study. The initial significant interaction test implies that the slopes are significantly different. Please try again soon. SE = Standard Error, df = Degrees of freedom, p = Probability, PSC = Psychosocial Safety climate, T1 = Time One. Taken together, this implies that workers psychological distress has two component processes, one that emanates from personal processes and is amenable to individually focused intervention, and another that emanates from the corporate work context. [(accessed on 9 March 2022)]. Sasso A.T.L., Rost K., Beck A. Philips S. Client Satisfaction with University Employee Assistance Programs. The problem is that the presenting psychological health issue may have its basis in work and organisational factors such that individual-level approaches may have limited value. EAP satisfaction was not found to moderate the effect of EAPs on psychological distress. EAPA Exchange, MayJune, 22. Journal of Employee Assistance Vol. 52 No. 1 1stQtr2022 Cover Story - Issuu Wolters Kluwer Health The second theoretical implication relates to the origins of worker distress. The support and information provided to clients via assessment, education and referrals is intended to help employees cope with stress, and employers to identify distress and respond appropriately. 1. The Effect of Employee Assistance Services on Reductions in Employee Absenteeism. Our research suggests that the corporate climate in combination with individual focused interventions like EAPs should produce better predictive outcomes. At least in the developed world, many corporations offer Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) to employees in need of psychological help [1]. All rights reserved. According to the GHQ-12 cut-off scores (11/12) for being at risk of psychological disorder diagnosis, the sample at both Time 1 had a mean score well above 12, indicating that the sample required effective psychological interventions. The study design was developed in consultation with the EAPAA. Importantly, PSC was found to moderate the efficacy of EAPs; the most beneficial effects in reducing psychological distress were found when employees were in high PSC contexts. B. A review of research methods used to examine employee assistance program delivery options. Although the link between EAPs and HRM have been noted previously, our research really underscores the fundamental expanded role for EAPs in the future to insist on corporate evidence of the PSC or to play a role in assessing it, in the interests of providing an effective service. Csiernik, R., Chaulk, P., & McQuaid, S. 2012. Employee Assistance Quarterly, 11(2): 113. Say more by seamlessly including video within your publication. Employee Assistance Programs A Misunderstood and Underused Resource for Nurses Doran, Michelle DNP, RN, NPD-BC Author Information JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration: November 2022 - Volume 52 - Issue 11 - p 625-627 doi: 10.1097/NNA.0000000000001200 Buy Metrics Employee assistance programs: A review of the management of stress and wellbeing through workplace counselling and consulting. Compton R. Who needs an employee assistance program? McLeod J., McLeod J. We propose a second moderation hypothesis: The effectiveness of EAPs as assessed by an increase in psychological health and wellbeing (indicated by a decrease in GHQ scores) will be significantly stronger when employees report high satisfaction with the service (measured with satisfaction scale), when measured post-EAP. De Wilde E.F., Hendriks V.M. The GHQ-12 is widely used as a screening instrument for common mental disorders and is used as a general measure of mental wellbeing and psychological distress [48,49]. More broadly, these findings have significant implications for any individual-level focused interventions. Mental Health. Counseling and Guidance, 353: 2126. For example, of 379 organisational leaders involved in a workplace mental health study, approximately 25% reported difficulty with confidently and effectively supporting employees with poor emotional wellbeing [9,10]. The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ) is an eight-item measure demonstrating good reliability and validity when previously used in various settings [58,59]. Compton and McManus [21] also indicated great satisfaction with EAPs and a close connection between EAPs and Human Resources Management strategy. Hatry, H. 2006. They signified that more than 50% of the workers benefited from EAP sessions (i.e., were satisfied). You can read the full text of this article if you: You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. Haines V.Y., Petit A., Lefranois S. Explaining Client Satisfaction with an Employee Assistance Program. 2017. A Process Evaluation of a Canadian Public Sector Employee Assistance Program. We employed a longitudinal pre/post-test design collecting within subjects quantitative data using an online survey. Client participants (Time 1, n = 100, Time 2, n = 28, Matched n = 25) from Australia and New Zealand entering an EAP took part in two online surveys, pre- and post-EAP, around five weeks apart. Transform any piece of content into a page-turning experience. EAPs include interventions and services such as workplace mediation, facilitation, counselling and supervisor mentoring, and may also help set organisational policies and procedures. The impact of civility interventions on employee social behavior, distress, and attitudes. A review and evaluation of exploratory factor analysis practices in organizational research. Psychosocial influences on psychological distress and turnover intentions in the workplace. Newest Members. and O.B. PSC was significantly associated with GHQ, B = 0.21, SE = 0.07, t = 3.10, p = 0.005. Suggestions for EAP low Utilization in Public Sector [in Chinese]. This study analysed the effectiveness of EAPs on employee psychological health and contextualised potential effects by exploring the role of corporate climate and client satisfaction with the service. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Neely, A., Gregory, M., & Platts, K. 1995. [(accessed on 9 March 2022)]; Nunes A.P., Richmond M.K., Pampel F.C., Wood R.C. First, we assessed whether dropping out biased the sample. Kaiser, H. F. 1974. About. Kinicki, A. J., Jacobson, K. J., Peterson, S. J., & Prussia, G. E. 2013. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought forth new considerations for EAPs and has also highlighted preexisting challenges to the EAP value proposition. The Journal of Employee Assistance (ISSN 1544-0893) is published quarterly for $13 per year (from the annual membership fee) by the Employee Assistance Professionals Association, 4350 N.. To assess the PSC of the workplaces of participants, the PSC-12 [54] was administered. The Journal is a professional development focused publication. Note. Featured Members. We also did not have information on the precise kind of intervention and our results may be stronger or weaker depending on the intervention implemented. One issue with the EAP satisfaction moderation test is that since satisfaction was assessed following the EAP is that clients might assess the EAP less favourably because their psychological health was not improving. Kinder A. Evaluating the performance of employee assistance programs - Springer As an intervention check, we found that nine (36%) participated in one EAP session, ten (40%) in two sessions and six (24%) in three individual sessions for four to six weeks. Keynote address at Employee Assistance Professionals Association, Phoenix, AZ. A decrease in employees psychological distress following an EAP was found to be moderated by the corporate climate (PSC). Development and validation of the performance management behavior questionnaire. Van Den Bergh, N. 2000. Transform any piece of content into a page-turning experience. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. (PsycINFO Database Record, MeSH However, in high PSC (B = 12.87, SE = 1.91, t = 6.74, p < 0.001), a stronger significant slope was found compared with low PSC (B = 7.51, SE = 2.21, t = 3.40, p < 0.001). Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Psychometrika, 39(1): 3136. 2016 Jul;58(7):641-50. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000744. Nunes, A. P., Richmond, M. K., Pampel, F. C., & Wood, R. C. 2017. Nurse executives have a key role in maximizing EAP services and utilization as ones who refer staff and who can influence and decide on an EAP partner and related programs and services. . Carroll R.L. Consider the scenario where an employee works in a poor PSC context, where there is no regard for worker psychological health, work pressure is high, and workloads are unpredictable. and O.B. Make data-driven decisions to drive reader engagement, subscriptions, and campaigns. Journal of Employee Assistance Vol. 53 No. 1 Q1 2023 - Issuu McLeod J. Therefore, Hypothesis 1 was supported. Since the data were nested (repeated measures within individuals), we used hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) software [64] to analyse the hypotheses [65,66]. Farrell G.A. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, Volume 217, Issue . Say more by seamlessly including video within your publication. Canada: Addiction Research Foundation. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Evaluating the effectiveness of employee assistance programmes: a Sell your publications commission-free as single issues or ongoing subscriptions. Masi, D. A. Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) are widely used to help employees experiencing personal or work-related difficulties that impact work productivity. Participants were given a unique and confidential identification number that was used to link their survey data across time. . There are many benefits to becoming a CEAP and maintaining this valuable credential. ; validation, M.D., A.A., S.B. To compare those two regression slopes, an additional analysis was performed to test simple intercepts and slopes at conditional values of PSC. So get active and involved!". The PSC scores indicate low risk (41); medium risk, (>37<41); high risk, (37>26) and very high-risk, (26) PSC levels for depression [55]. Therefore, there is a pressing need for further informed and evidence-based initiatives. Dollard M.F., Dormann C., Tuckey M.R., Escartn J. Psychosocial safety climate (PSC) and enacted PSC for workplace bullying and psychological health problem reduction. Employee Assistance Programs and Behavioral Health Disability. 2018. Employee Assistance Program Counseling and Workplace Outcomes A recent study examined the workplace outcomes for employee users of EAP counseling. The plot (see Figure 1) shows that under conditions of high PSC, change in GHQ (a reduction indicating an improvement in health) was greater when compared to change in low PSC contexts. EAPs: Assessing how they work. Consenting participants were required to complete the questionnaire in one sitting prior to the EAP, and again in one sitting after a completed EAP one month later. Our results confirmed the important role of EAPs in reducing psychological distress and showed how the PSC of workplaces can directly influence employees psychological distress and moderate the impact of the EAP. Previous research has commonly assessed psychological health and wellbeing before and after counselling using a symptom checklist or mental health screening instrument [29]. Thus, EAPs could engender a more significant impact by also assisting organisations to improve their PSC (i.e., through implementation of policies, practices and procedures for worker psychological health and safety), in combination with individual interventions. According to the International Employee Assistance Professionals Association, the aim of EAPs is to serve organisations and their employees in multiple ways ranging from a consultation at the strategic level about issues with organisation-wide implications to individual assistance to employees and family members experiencing personal difficulties [5] p. 2. Evaluation and Program Planning, 20(4): 495505. 1PSC Global Observatory, Centre for Workplace Excellence, Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; moc.liamg@sokizuobs (S.B. Enhancing. In M. Carroll, & M. Walton (Eds.). Chapter 18: Australian Perspectives on the Organizational Integration of Employee Assistance Services. Public policy and occupational health psychology in Europe. Follow-up surveys were collected from 2 to 12 months post-baseline (M = 6.0). Performance measurement: Getting results. Browse short-form content that's perfect for a quick read. In M. J. Holosko, & M. D. Felt (Eds.). Employee Assistance Programmes: The Emperors new clothes of stress management? Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Back to Basics with Mixed-Effects Models: Nine Take-Away Points. Epub 2012 Jul 24. ); ua.ude.asinu@drallod.neeruam (M.D. government site. Asia Pac J Manag 37, 935955 (2020). PSC theory emphasises how worker psychological health is valued in the workplace and, if considered in conjunction with EAP services, could provide insights into the effectiveness of the EAP. Browse short-form content that's perfect for a quick read. [67] argue that these models are still appropriate with nested data even when the ICC-1 values are small and non-significant. Journal of Management Studies, 44(2): 222242. An index of factorial simplicity. The Influence of Culture on Human Resource Management Processes and Practices. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-019-09659-z, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-019-09659-z. Descriptive Statistics; Means, Standard Deviations and Correlations. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 15(4): 80116. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the [26] found that providing treatment to depressed individuals had a meaningful return on investment. The second measure, the EAP satisfaction test had a Cronbach alpha of 0.91, and a principal component analysis found apt psychometric rigour [56]. Final estimation of fixed effect; Predicting Change in Psychological Distress. An official website of the United States government. Lawrie E.J., Tuckey M.R., Dollard M.F. Evaluating employee assistance programme: Concerns and strategies for public employees. Journal of Employee Assistance Vol. 50 no. 2 - 2nd Quarter 2020 - Issuu In Toronto. Employee Assistance ProgramProvider by Leilahni Thompson. Chapter 2: The Business Case for the Integration of Employee Assistance [5] Amaral, T. M. (2008, Ap ril). Stressors may include work overload, bullying, relational conflicts, perceived lack of control, work/life balance difficulties and poor work environment [3,7]. In the evaluation of EAPs, there has been little consideration given to the workplace climate within which the EAP clients work. |Page 18 Bonus! A. Putting the system into performance management systems: A review and agenda for performance management research. Please enable scripts and reload this page. Create on-brand social posts and Articles in minutes. Human Resource Management, 28(3): 385401. The Occupational Health Nurse as an Employee Assistance Program Provider Prior studies have noted the vital role EAPs can have on clients improvements and significant short-term benefits [30], increased productivity, engagement and life satisfaction, and reduced absenteeism and workplace distress [8,12,33,34,35,36].