when was lumen gentium writtenwhen was lumen gentium written

(16) By the power of the Gospel He makes the Church keep the freshness of youth. And there belong to or are related to it in various ways, the Catholic faithful, all who believe in Christ, and indeed the whole of mankind, for all men are called by the grace of God to salvation. M., Philad. Gravissimum educationis - Wikipedia Fidei Donum, 1. c. (36) Leo XIII, Litt. "(53*) In these communities, though frequently small and poor, or living in the Diaspora, Christ is present, and in virtue of His presence there is brought together one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church. Sensus fidei (sense of the faith), also called sensus fidelium (sense of the faithful) is, according to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, "the supernatural appreciation of faith on the part of the whole people, when, from the bishops to the last of the faithful, they manifest a universal consent in matters of faith and morals." [1] Vous nous avez, 22 sept. 1956: AAS 48 (1956) p. 714. Pastor aeternis: Denz. . Castf Connubii, 31 dec. 1930. Serm. Hence the Commission, almost unanimously, decided that this wording should be used: "in hierarchical communion." 6, 69 (ho hagios tou theou); Act. In the public life of Jesus, Mary makes significant appearances. (51*) In any community of the altar, under the sacred ministry of the bishop,(52*) there is exhibited a symbol of that charity and "unity of the mystical Body, without which there can be no salvation. (5) Cfr. 15-16, n. 44 et pp. (8) Cfr. Wherefore to promote the glory of God and procure the salvation of all of these, and mindful of the command of the Lord, "Preach the Gospel to every creature",(130) the Church fosters the missions with care and attention. considered as enjoying no less authority than those which were written in Hebrew or Aramaic. The Greek words for many and few are not ambiguous in their meaning. For all of them shall know Me, from the least of them even to the greatest, saith the Lord. (8) Cfr. Ps. Conc. In the first place amongst these there are the Muslims, who, professing to hold the faith of Abraham, along with us adore the one and merciful God, who on the last day will judge mankind. Mt. V, 23-24: GCS 11, 1, p. 488 ss. 1943: ASS 35 (1943) p. 209 et 212. The pope's power of primacy over all, both pastors and faithful, remains whole and intact. 65. Nota Praevia to Lumen Gentium of the Second Vatican Council. Oec. 1; Denz. 7: Denz. Mystici Corporis: AAS 35 (1943) p. 245. (9) Cfr. 35, De invocatione, veneratione et reliquiis Sanctorum et sacris imaginibus: Denz. 6 Second Vatican Council The Second Vatican Council is the most recent council in Church History. Leo XIII, Epist. Given that the ardent desire of St. John XXIII was the renewal . Expos. The Church does not hesitate to profess this subordinate role of Mary. It continues themes of sanctification and holiness from earlier sections. IV. 1. Encycl. (1) S. Augustinus, Serm. (277) For just as Christian communion among wayfarers brings us closer to Christ, so our companionship with the saints joins us to Christ, from Whom as from its Fountain and Head issues every grace and the very life of the people of God. Religious should carefully keep before their minds the fact that the Church presents Christ to believers and non-believers alike in a striking manner daily through them. It said that:[13]. Placed by the grace of God, as God's Mother, next to her Son, and exalted above all angels and men, Mary intervened in the mysteries of Christ and is justly honored by a special cult in the Church. To these were soon added also those who had more closely imitated Christ's virginity and poverty,(8*) and finally others whom the outstanding practice of the Christian virtues (9*) and the divine charisms recommended to the pious devotion and imitation of the faithful.(10*). (285) She stands out among the poor and humble of the Lord, who confidently hope for and receive salvation from Him. (23*) Following the study of Sacred Scripture, the Holy Fathers, the doctors and liturgy of the Church, and under the guidance of the Church's magisterium, let them rightly illustrate the duties and privileges of the Blessed Virgin which always look to Christ, the source of all truth, sanctity and piety. It is also referred to as the "Dogmatic Constitution on the Church." Following the approval by the assembled bishops by a vote of 2,151 to 5, it was promulgated by Pope Paul VI on November 21, 1964. 3; Trall. II-II, q. E. Diehl, Inscriptiones latinae christianae vereres, 1, Berolini, 1925, nn. Serm. Cabasilas, De vita in Christo, lib. (4) To carry out the will of the Father, Christ inaugurated the Kingdom of heaven on earth and revealed to us the mystery of that kingdom. IV 17, 5; PG 7, 1023; Harvey, 2, p. 199 s. Conc. Rather has it pleased Him to bring men together as one people, a people which acknowledges Him in truth and serves Him in holiness [] Christ instituted this new covenant, the new testament, that is to say, in His Blood, calling together a people made up of Jew and gentile, making them one, not according to the flesh but in the Spirit. Let them follow the example of Christ, who by His obedience even unto death, opened to all men the blessed way of the liberty of the children of God. Cfr. When Jesus, who had suffered the death of the cross for mankind, had risen, He appeared as the one constituted as Lord, Christ and eternal Priest,(24) and He poured out on His disciples the Spirit promised by the Father. When occasions arise, let this be done through the organs erected by the Church for this purpose. By such a bond, a person is totally dedicated to God, loved beyond all things. Plurimae inseriptione in Catacumbis romanis. Pius XI, Litt. Modus 84 Conc. 1943: AAS 35 (1943) p. 225. S. Cyprianus, Epist. Conc. While Christ, holy, innocent and undefiled(81) knew nothing of sin,(82) but came to expiate only the sins of the people,(83) the Church, embracing in its bosom sinners, at the same time holy and always in need of being purified, always follows the way of penance and renewal. For we must all "practice the truth in love, and so grow up in all things in Him who is head, Christ. (63*) Priests, although they do not possess the highest degree of the priesthood, and although they are dependent on the bishops in the exercise of their power, nevertheless they are united with the bishops in sacerdotal dignity. It affirms the ancient Church practices of remembering the saints and imploring their intercession. Though few are presented such an opportunity, nevertheless all must be prepared to confess Christ before men. The former is a duty; the latter a grace. Vaticanum II Const. Chrysostomus, In Matth. Therefore, from divine choice the laity have Christ for their brothers who though He is the Lord of all, came not to be served but to serve. [1] As is customary with significant Roman Catholic Church documents, it is known by its incipit, "Lumen gentium", Latin for "Light of the Nations". 1 n. 8. Predestined from eternity by that decree of divine providence which determined the incarnation of the Word to be the Mother of God, the Blessed Virgin was on this earth the virgin Mother of the Redeemer, and above all others and in a singular way the generous associate and humble handmaid of the Lord. "Behold the days shall come saith the Lord, and I will make a new covenant with the House of Israel, and with the house of Judah . Litt. (9) S. Hieronymus, Epist. 29. Hasilnya adalah Lumen Gentium, suatu dokumen tentang Gereja yang menunjukkan pergeseran dari paham yang sangat institusionalistis organisatoris kepada paham yang dinamis dan organis. "(7), It goes on to describe "the sole Church of Christ which in the Creed is professed as one, holy, catholic and apostolic, which our Saviour, after His Resurrection, commissioned Peter to shepherd, and him and the other apostles to extend and direct with authority, which He erected for all ages as 'the pillar and mainstay of the truth.' S. Cyrillus Hieros., Catech. And finally, the bishops, in a universal fellowship of charity, should gladly extend their fraternal aid to other churches, especially to neighboring and more needy dioceses in accordance with the venerable example of antiquity. (59) Leo XIII, Epist. Upon all the laity, therefore, rests the noble duty of working to extend the divine plan of salvation to all men of each epoch and in every land. God gathered together as one all those who in faith look upon Jesus as the author of salvation and the source of unity and peace, and established them as the Church that for each and all it may be the visible sacrament of this saving unity. Wednesday, 6 August 1997 1. Pius XII, Nuntius Radioph., 13 maii 1946: AAS 38 (1946) p. 266. (56) Also, in the building up of Christ's Body various members and functions have their part to play. . I, ess. 3: col. 361. (64) Cfr. (188) Let them remember that by their daily life and interests they are showing the face of a truly sacerdotal and pastoral ministry to the faithful and the infidel, to Catholics and non-Catholics, and that to all they bear witness to the truth and life, and as good shepherds go after those also,(189) who though baptized in the Catholic Church have fallen away from the use of the sacraments, or even from the faith. (14) Cfr. Apost. Hom. They must follow in His footsteps and conform themselves to His image seeking the will of the Father in all things. Communion is a notion which is held in high honor in the ancient Church (and also today, especially in the East). 2:11; Eph. 35. . 1:11-12; 1 Cor. 25, Decretum de Purgatorio: Denz. It was in Him, before the foundation of the world, that the Father chose us and predestined us to become adopted sons, for in Him it pleased the Father to re-establish all things. 41: PG 6, 564. "(2) "Christ made His brothers, called together from all nations, mystically the components of His own Body. Nor should they omit to pray for those placed over them, for they keep watch as having to render an account of their souls, so that they may do this with joy and not with grief. Is 7:14; cf. IV, anno 1215, Constit. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. And he is always free to exercise this power. 3. But often men, deceived by the Evil One, have become vain in their reasonings and have exchanged the truth of God for a lie, serving the creature rather than the Creator. "(15*) For every genuine testimony of love shown by us to those in heaven, by its very nature tends toward and terminates in Christ who is the "crown of all saints,"(16*) and through Him, in God Who is wonderful in his saints and is magnified in them. If they fail moreover to respond to that grace in thought, word and deed, not only shall they not be saved but they will be the more severely judged.(13*). Without hierarchical communion the ontologico-sacramental function [munus], which is to be distinguished from the juridico-canonical aspect, cannot be exercised. The Word of the Lord is compared to a seed which is sown in a field;(19) those who hear the Word with faith and become part of the little flock of Christ,(20) have received the Kingdom itself. It is the love of God and the love of one's neighbor which points out the true disciple of Christ. Pius XII, Const. 23: PL 4, 5S3, Hartel, III A, p. 28S. But while in the most holy Virgin the Church has already reached that perfection whereby she is without spot or wrinkle, the followers of Christ still strive to increase in holiness by conquering sin. "(9*), 57. 7, 26, 1 Io. (268) Therefore the union of the wayfarers with the brethren who have gone to sleep in the peace of Christ is not in the least weakened or interrupted, but on the contrary, according to the perpetual faith of the Church, is strengthened by communication of spiritual goods. And for this reason the apostles, appointed as rulers in this society, took care to appoint successors. Even where it refers to non-Christians, the frame of reference is still the church. Hom. In virtue of his office, that is as Vicar of Christ and pastor of the whole Church, the Roman Pontiff has full, supreme and universal power over the Church. (60) By the greatness of His power He rules the things in heaven and the things on earth, and with His all-surpassing perfection and way of acting He fills the whole body with the riches of His glory. Let no one think that religious have become strangers to their fellowmen or useless citizens of this earthly city by their consecration. 1, 26: PL 23, 247 A. S. Augustinus, In Ps. 53. Modus 57. But the plan of salvation also includes those who acknowledge the Creator. Every person must walk unhesitatingly according to his own personal gifts and duties in the path of living faith, which arouses hope and works through charity. For Mary, who since her entry into salvation history unites in herself and re-echoes the greatest teachings of the faith as she is proclaimed and venerated, calls the faithful to her Son and His sacrifice and to the love of the Father. Indeed, they should imitate by their lively charity, in their joyous hope and by their voluntary sharing of each others' burdens, the very Christ who plied His hands with carpenter's tools and Who in union with His Father, is continually working for the salvation of all men. et. (3) Cfr. (237) At that time the human race as well as the entire world, which is intimately related to man and attains to its end through him, will be perfectly reestablished in Christ. In 2000, Pope John Paul II issued Dominus Iesus with the theme of "the unicity and salvific universality of Jesus Christ and the Church". (54) Cfr. On this occasion the Theological Commission makes reference to its Declaration of March 6, 1964, the text of which we transcribe here: "Taking conciliar custom into consideration and also the pastoral purpose of the present Council, the sacred Council defines as binding on the Church only those things in matters of faith and morals which it shall openly declare to be binding. Encycl. 16 Cf. 13-16. The Sacred Scriptures of both the Old and the New Testament, as well as ancient Tradition show the role of the Mother of the Saviour in the economy of salvation in an ever clearer light and draw attention to it. (25*) For when Christ shall appear and the glorious resurrection of the dead will take place, the glory of God will light up the heavenly City and the Lamb will be the lamp thereof. the diaconate can in the future be restored as a proper and permanent rank of the hierarchy. 66. (7) Cfr. 21:24. On account of this sharing in their priesthood and mission, let priests sincerely look upon the bishop as their father and reverently obey him. 5, ad 1. Not only, then, is the people of God made up of different peoples but in its inner structure also it is composed of various ranks. The former is a danger; the latter, salvation" (1*). Encycl. These laymen spend themselves completely in apostolic labors, working the Lord's field with much success.(10*). This was the way certain men and women assisted Paul the Apostle in the Gospel, laboring much in the Lord. It knows it through unfailing experience of it and commends it to the hearts of the faithful, so that encouraged by this maternal help they may the more intimately adhere to the Mediator and Redeemer. Lumen gentium - Vatican By reason of it, the Catholic Church strives constantly and with due effect to bring all humanity and all its possessions back to its source In Christ, with Him as its head and united in His Spirit. (24) Cfr. 4: PG 97, 1321 B. His mind and will in the matter may be known either from the character of the documents, from his frequent repetition of the same doctrine, or from his manner of speaking. 1943: AAS 35 (1943) pp. But the faithful, in virtue of their royal priesthood, join in the offering of the Eucharist. Sess. (3) Cfr. All the faithful, scattered though they be throughout the world, are in communion with each other in the Holy Spirit, and so, he who dwells in Rome knows that the people of India are his members"(9*). 184, a. For where Christianity pervades the entire mode of family life, and gradually transforms it, one will find there both the practice and an excellent school of the lay apostolate. 2, 665 et 4, 1071); Conc. Funk, I, p. 154 s. (7) Cfr. (150) He incorporates new members in His Body by a heavenly regeneration, and finally by their wisdom and prudence He directs and guides the People of the New Testament in their pilgrimage toward eternal happiness. Sapientiae christianae, 10 ian. For it is the duty of all bishops to promote and to safeguard the unity of faith and the discipline common to the whole Church, to instruct the faithful to love for the whole mystical body of Christ, especially for its poor and sorrowing members and for those who are suffering persecution for justice's sake,(160) and finally to promote every activity that is of interest to the whole Church, especially that the faith may take increase and the light of full truth appear to all men. 2, 4: PG 62, 612: Saccrdos est symbolon . Litt. S. Methodius, Symposion, VII, 3: GCS (Bodwetseh), p. 74. 7, 7: . (22*) And at the same time, in conformity with our own pastoral interests, we urge all concerned, if any abuses, excesses or defects have crept in here or there, to do what is in their power to remove or correct them, and to restore all things to a fuller praise of Christ and of God. 3 et q. Rerum Ecclesiae, 28 febr. Why is Lumen Gentium important? (115) These charisms, whether they be the more outstanding or the more simple and widely diffused, are to be received with thanksgiving and consolation for they are perfectly suited to and useful for the needs of the Church. CONDENSER'S INTRODUCTON I thought that it might be helpful at this point in time that we give consideration to some of the most important documents in the modern day Catholic Church, the documents of the Second Vatican Council (1963 - 1965). [8], The Note achieved its purpose: on the following day, 17 November, the No votes against chapter III dropped to 46, a number that may have included some who opposed it because they felt the Preliminary Note of Explanation had weakened the concept of collegiality. Sacramentum ordinis: Denz. Among the principal duties of bishops the preaching of the Gospel occupies an eminent place. 44. 61, 3: ed. "Because the bread is one, we though many, are one body, all of us who partake of the one bread". Leo XIII, Epist. Ephesinum, ib. Vatican Council II was sensitive to the views of other Christians, as the council, at the request of Pope John XXIII, hoped to promote Christian unity, but knew there are different concepts about Mary among other Christians, especially Protestants. II, 22: PGS, 432 B. Ps.-Dionysius, Eccl. . Though it is always in existence, the College is not as a result permanently engaged in strictly collegial activity; the Church's Tradition makes this clear. Pius XII, Alloc. Cast. (29*) This same collegiate power can be exercised together with the pope by the bishops living in all parts of the world, provided that the head of the college calls them to collegiate action, or at least approves of or freely accepts the united action of the scattered bishops, so that it is thereby made a collegiate act. Kristus vak miluje crkev jako svoji nevstu: stal se vzorem mue, jen miluje svou manelku jako vlastn tlo (srov. 11. 48, 2: Hartel, III, 2, p. 610. 25 languages Tools Lumen gentium, the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, is one of the principal documents of the Second Vatican Council. Nat., 1: col. 812 A. Hom. Paulus VI, 1. c., pp. Hom. S. Irenaeus, Adv. - S. Pius X, Litt. (69) "Because in Him dwells all the fullness of the Godhead bodily",(70) He fills the Church, which is His body and His fullness, with His divine gifts (71) so that it may expand and reach all the fullness of God. 13, 7: Eccli 44-50, Nebr. Thus these religious are able to tranquilly fulfill and faithfully observe their religious profession and so spiritually rejoicing make progress on the road of charity. (19*) By her belief and obedience, not knowing man but overshadowed by the Holy Spirit, as the new Eve she brought forth on earth the very Son of the Father, showing an undefiled faith, not in the word of the ancient serpent, but in that of God's messenger. Trid. (5) Cfr. De quelle consolation, 1. c., p. 789: Dans les batailles decisives, c'est parfois du front que partent les plus heureuses initiatives..Idem Alloc. Dogm. Later, as Pope John Paul II, he calls article ten "this classical . Quadragesimo anno 15 maii 1931: AAS 23 (1931) p. 121 s. Pius XII, Alloc. It was prepared in a remarkable way throughout the history of the people of Israel and by means of the Old Covenant. (55), As all the members of the human body, though they are many, form one body, so also are the faithful in Christ. The Son whom she brought forth is He whom God placed as the first-born among many brethren,(299) namely the faithful, in whose birth and education she cooperates with a maternal love. III, 16, 6; III, 22, 1-3: PG 7, 925 C-926 Aet 955 C - 958 A; Harvey 2, 87 s. et 120-123; Sagnard, Ed. 1896: ASS 28 (1895-96) p. 732. 9, 3: PG 62, 72. idymus Alex., Trin. This affirmed the belief that not only Catholics can achieve salvation and sanctification. Christ, whom the Father has sanctified and sent into the world, (176) has through His apostles, made their successors, the bishops, partakers of His consecration and His mission. (261) Reckoning therefore that "the sufferings of the present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory to come that will be revealed in us",(262) strong in faith we look for the "blessed hope and the glorious coming of our great God and Saviour, Jesus Christ"(263) "who will refashion the body of our lowliness, conforming it to the body of His glory(264), and who will come "to be glorified in His saints and to be marveled at in all those who have believed"(265). The mystery of the holy Church is manifest in its very foundation. Sitting at the right hand of the Father, He is continually active in the world that He might lead men to the Church and through it join them to Himself and that He might make them partakers of His glorious life by nourishing them with His own Body and Blood. S. Andreas Cret., In nat. Pius XII, Alloc. (27) Cfr. This it intends to do following faithfully the teaching of previous councils. Pastor aeternus. 1. (2*) For by reason of the fact that those in heaven are more closely united with Christ, they establish the whole Church more firmly in holiness, lend nobility to the worship which the Church offers to God here on earth and in many ways contribute to its greater edification. The supreme power in the universal Church, which this college enjoys, is exercised in a solemn way in an ecumenical council. III, Const. Whosoever, therefore, knowing that the Catholic Church was made necessary by Christ, would refuse to enter or to remain in it, could not be saved. Oec. The phrase "with the consent of its head" is used to avoid the idea of dependence on some kind of outsider; the term "consent" suggests rather communion between the head and the members, and implies the need for an act which belongs properly to the competence of the head. They bring forth from the treasury of Revelation new things and old,(164) making it bear fruit and vigilantly warding off any errors that threaten their flock. Whatever good or truth is found amongst them is looked upon by the Church as a preparation for the Gospel. vitae spir., c. 18. ctiam Ven. 117:22. Chrysostomus n Eph. : Denz. (64*) By the power of the sacrament of Orders,(65*) in the image of Christ the eternal high Priest,(177) they are consecrated to preach the Gospel and shepherd the faithful and to celebrate divine worship, so that they are true priests of the New Testament. 60:4-7; Rev. Wishing in His supreme goodness and wisdom to effect the redemption of the world, "when the fullness of time came, God sent His Son, born of a womanthat we might receive the adoption of sons". 1: PG 98 (6), 340-348; Serm. (1) Cfr. They must follow in His footsteps and conform themselves to His image seeking the will of the Father in all things. I: Mansi S2,1 109 C. (28) Cfr. I, Sess. Isaac de Stella, Serm. Encycl. 3, 2: col. 1388 C. S. Andrcas Cret. (90), That messianic people has Christ for its head, "Who was delivered up for our sins, and rose again for our justification",(91) and now, having won a name which is above all names, reigns in glory in heaven. 12. (239) Rising from the dead(240) He sent His life-giving Spirit upon His disciples and through Him has established His Body which is the Church as the universal sacrament of salvation. Sl, 2, 3: PL 38, 33S; Serm. 50. Constitutiones Apostolorum, 8, 28, 4: ed. This theme was built on in the fifth chapter, which is on "the universal call to holiness": Thus it is evident to everyone, that all the faithful of Christ of whatever rank or status, are called to the fullness of the Christian life and to the perfection of charity; by this holiness as such a more human manner of living is promoted in this earthly society. 38. They should sustain one another in grace throughout the entire length of their lives. Can., c. 29 1. Keeping in mind what they are doing and imitating what they are handling,(8*) these priests, in their apostolic labors, rather than being ensnared by perils and hardships, should rather rise to greater holiness through these perils and hardships. (129) Or some there are who, living and dying in this world without God, are exposed to final despair. By this same sacramental grace, they are given the courage necessary to lay down their lives for their sheep, and the ability of promoting greater holiness in the Church by their daily example, having become a pattern for their flock.(224).