Detection of Cannabigerol and Its Presumptive Metabolite in Human Urine after Cannabis Consumption. In a 2009 study published in the Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CBG and THC were both found to help relieve pressure in the eye. Minor Cannabinoids: Biosynthesis, Molecular Pharmacology and Potential Therapeutic Uses. CBG derived from hemp, therefore, may offer a weaker entourage effect. The aldol condensation of hexanoyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA (ratio 1:3) in the presence of olivetolic acid cyclase (OLAC) results in the formation of olivetolic acid [32], whereas in the presence of olivetol synthase (OLS), decarboxylation with simultaneous cyclization results in the formation of olivetol [31]. MRSA, or Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is a superbug capable of causing infections that are very difficult to treat in humans. Inflammatory bowel disease, which refers to disorders associated with chronic inflammation of the digestive tract, may benefit from treatment with CBG. Non-intoxicating: Its clear that CBG is non-intoxicating, similar to CBD. During a typical flowering cycle, this process usually takes six to eight weeks. [1] [2] Cannabigerol is the decarboxylated form of cannabigerolic acid, the parent molecule from which other cannabinoids are synthesized. Other research on mice has demonstrated that CBG may help to address inflammation or suppress immune responses in diseases characterized by inflammatory or autoimmune components. and I.J.-K.; supervision, E.S. Its likely that CBG helps block serotonin receptors, making it a potentially useful antidepressant. & a a person who eats the flesh of other human beings . This causes altered levels of both endocannabinoids and other lipid mediators, which by acting on receptors both directly and indirectly modify both redox balance and inflammation [44]. CBG vs CBD: The Difference Explained | HealthNews No. Int J Mol Sci. Short Review on the Potential Alternatives to Antibiotics in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance. Cascio M.G., Gauson L.A., Stevenson L.A., Ross R.A., Pertwee R.G. Given past trends, it can be assumed that this number will continue to rise in the coming years. Recent years have seen a significant increase in the interest in the use of plant-derived ingredients in pharmacotherapy. Cannabigerol and Cannabinoid Synthesis. One study found that along with other cannabinoids, CBG was helpful in decreasing bladder contractions in mice, as well as in the human bladder. Cannabigerol (CBG) Vs. Cannabigerovarin (CBGV): What's The Difference? The phytocannabinoid can also modify inflammatory processes by significantly reducing I- phosphorylation, thus reducing the transcriptional activity of the nuclear factor NFB, responsible for the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines [43], which results in reduced levels of cytokines, including TNF and IL-1 (Table 1) [42]. All cannabinoids have their own unique pharmacologic activity. Check out the pronunciation, synonyms and grammar. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal published in the Journal of Natural Products found that CBG displayed highly potent activity against a strain of MRSA. No harmful effect of CBG on the human body has been found so far, and the proven biological activity indicates CBG and its derivatives as very promising natural compounds that should be thoroughly tested both in vitro and in vivo in order to unequivocally determine the therapeutic usefulness, especially with regard to inflammatory diseases. In: Mutelet F., editor. . published in the Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CBG and THC were both found to help relieve pressure in the eye. This isnt a phenomenon unique to CBG; cannabinoids all begin their lives as acidic compounds. Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Natural Compounds for Cancer Treatment: Important Advances for Drug Discovery. Cannabigerol is a novel, well-tolerated appetite stimulant in pre-satiated rats. Br J Pharmacol. Before a cannabis plant reaches maturity, its CBGA synthesizes and turns into THCA, CBDA, and the precursors to several other cannabinoids. CBG incorporated into a botanical drug substance appeared to work even more effectively than CBG as an isolate. Cannabigerol may affect certain chemicals in the body. CBG shares some similarities with CBD: it seems to be anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial. Cannabigerol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics One of the first commercially available CBG-dominant cultivars was, . As discussed above, CBG acts as a CB1 antagonist, helping prevent some of the high (and associated anxiety) created by THC. CBG is generated during the non-enzymatic decarboxylation of cannabigerolic acid, a key compound in the process of biosynthesis of phytocannabinoids and consequently the precursor to various phytocannabinoids. Nigro E., Formato M., Crescente G., Daniele A. CBG is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, however, it is the chemical parent of THC and CBD. What Is CBC (Cannabichromene)? - CNBS Andriotis E.G., Chachlioutaki K., Monou P.K., Bouropoulos N., Tzetzis D., Barmpalexis P., Chang M.-W., Ahmad Z., Fatouros D.G. Cannabigerol intermediates also show the ability to bind to cannabinoid receptors. Except for THC and CBD, its hard to consume the other cannabinoids in high percentages, and this is because of the way theyre produced within the marijuana plant. CNBSjournal.com 2023 | About | Contact | TOS | Sitemap, CBG 101 Guide: The benefits of CBG in cannabis, its effects, and why it's known as "the mother of all cannabinoids. It may also boost levels of anandamide, a natural bliss molecule found in the brain that regulates things such as appetite, sleep, and mood. Schilling S., Melzer R., McCabe P.F. Major Phytocannabinoids and Their Related Compounds: Should We Only Search for Drugs That Act on Cannabinoid Receptors? Brierley DI, Harman JR, Giallourou N, et al. [3] [4] Cannabigerol is normally a minor constituent of cannabis. Interest in CBG is on the rise due to its, non-psychoactive properties and pharmacological potential, Cannabigerolic acid, or CBGA, is the foundational molecule from which many other cannabinoids are made. This interaction is known as the entourage effect. Deiana S, Watanabe A, Yamasaki Y, et al. On the other hand, cannabigerol significantly reduces the apoptosis of transformed tumor cells by modulating the levels of Bax and Bcl2 proteins [42], and may thus enhance the development of tumor processes. Copyright 2023Weedmaps. Effects of Rare Phytocannabinoids on the Endocannabinoid System of Human Keratinocytes. Manandhar S., Luitel S., Dahal R.K. Biosynthesis of olivetolic acid and geranyl diphosphate (A) and their further transformations leading to the formation of cannabigerolic acid, including the conversion of CBGA to cannabigerol, cannabidiolic acid, cannabichromenic acid, and 9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (B) [8,30,31]. Once this conversion process is complete, the cannabis plant contains only trace amounts of CBGA, which is why it's available at higher concentrations several weeks before harvest. To determine the potential use of cannabigerol in pharmacotherapy, in addition to the knowledge about its effect on the metabolic processes occurring in the human body under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, it is necessary to analyze the pharmacokinetics of the compound in question after its introduction into the body. Unlike tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, the primary psychoactive element in Marijuana). Beneficial effect of the non-psychotropic plant cannabinoid cannabigerol on experimental inflammatory bowel disease. It is worth noting that the highest contents of CBG within a single plant can be found in those flowers and leaves of inflorescences that are collected from the highest parts of the plantthe contents are approx. CBG was found to promote cancer cell death and inhibit the growth of tumors, hampering the progression of colon cancer. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Kornpointner C., Sainz Martinez A., Marinovic S., Haselmair-Gosch C., Jamnik P., Schrder K., Lfke C., Halbwirth H. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Cannabis sativa L. Roots. 2019;1863(3):586-597. Gugliandolo A., Pollastro F., Grassi G., Bramanti P., Mazzon E. In Vitro Model of Neuroinflammation: Efficacy of Cannabigerol, a Non-Psychoactive Cannabinoid. It is a dihydroxybenzoic acid and olivetolic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a geranyl group. Roy P, Dennis DG, Eschbach MD, et al. Cannabigerolic acid ( CBGA) is the acidic form of cannabigerol (CBG). Identification and characterization of phytocannabinoids as novel dual PPARa/? To date, more than 120 phytocannabinoids have been isolated from cannabis, including two compounds, ()-trans-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC) and ()-trans-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (8-THC), which produce the characteristic psychotropic effect by binding to cannabinoid receptors [20]. Furthermore, molecular targets outside the endocannabinoid system have been identified in recent years for some phytocannabinoids. Inhibits the high of THC: When THC creates an intoxicating high, it does so by binding with the CB1 receptors in the brain. In: Boffetta P., Hainaut P., editors. CBG, or cannabigerol, called a minor cannabinoid since it manifests in trace amounts in most strains, has been around for years, and makes a worthy addition to your weed encyclopedia and next. Minor means its not present in large concentrations. However, it should be noted that compared to CBD, CBG is less effective as an FAAH activity inhibitor [48,49]. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is a superbug capable of causing infections that are very difficult to treat in humans. CBG reduces the high created by THC by inhibiting the CB1 receptor, preventing THC from stimulating it as strongly. Andre C.M., Hausman J.-F., Guerriero G. Cannabis Sativa: The Plant of the Thousand and One Molecules. A Cannabigerol Quinone Alleviates Neuroinflammation in a Chronic Model of Multiple Sclerosis. CBG seems to interact with the endocannabinoid system in a number of possibly therapeutic ways that are not yet fully understood. Stem Cell grows vigorously and produces masses of large flowers.Another popular cultivar producing up to 20% CBG concentration is. Brenneisen R. Chemistry and Analysis of Phytocannabinoids and Other Cannabis Constituents. Considering these observations, it can be concluded that the determination of cannabigerol levels in oral fluid makes it possible to estimate the time of ingestion of orally administered cannabis-based preparations. cannabigerol - English definition, grammar, pronunciation, synonyms and At the same time, the lack of involvement of enzymes necessary for such a conversion explains the mode of action of orally ingested Cannabis sativa L. in the form of heat-treated products (e.g., during the smoking of hemp cigarettes) [30]. Other phytocannabinoids, such as cannabinodiol (CBND), cannabielsion (CBE), cannabicyclol (CBL), and cannabitriol (CBT), have also been the subject of research in recent decades despite their lower contents in Cannabis sativa L. [23]. Hidvgi E, Somogyi GP. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. This has led to an increased interest in their potential use from representatives of both medicine and pharmacy. Cannabidiol Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster Chapter 53Cannabis Sativa and Hemp. Le cannabigrol, comme les autres cannabinodes, interagit avec le systme endocannabinode du corps humain. View abstract. The precursor to CBG is CBGA. It's often referred to as the "mother of all cannabinoids." This is because other cannabinoids are derived from cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), an acidic form of CBG. The compound was first isolated in 1964 from a hexane extract of hashish. Hartsel J.A., Eades J., Hickory B., Makriyannis A. This is all the more important due to the fact that, according to data published in the 2021 World Drug Report, hemp (including Cannabis sativa L.) is the most widely used drug worldwide. Cannabigerol (CBG) is a type of cannabinoid found in the cannabis plant. Cannabis cultivars that are high in CBG are referred to as Type IV cannabis. The lower affinity of cannabigerol for CB1 compared to other phytocannabinoids explains the lack of psychotropic effect in the case of this particular phytocannabinoid [53]. The structure of CBG consists of 21 carbon atoms (22 carbon atoms in the case of the acidic form) [25], with the total chemical formula of C21H32O2 and a molar mass of 316.48 g/mol. Ramer R., Heinemann K., Merkord J., Rohde H., Salamon A., Linnebacher M., Hinz B. COX-2 and PPAR- Confer Cannabidiol-Induced Apoptosis of Human Lung Cancer Cells. In light of the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, this could be of great importance in clinical medicine [2]. View abstract. Their theory is that CBG within cannabis helps increase appetite and without any of the unwanted psychotropic effects caused by THC. Hence, cannabigerol introduced into the body by smoking Cannabis sativa L. persists in the body for much longer than in the case of other forms of cannabis use (over 10 h on average for frequent smokers and nearly 5 h for occasional smokers) and reaches significantly higher levels, especially in oral fluid, compared to blood [75]. Select a condition to view a list of vitamins. CBG stands for cannabigerol and is currently being studied for its potential pharmacological properties but hasn't been in any clinical trials (yet!). It's the chemical precursor for THCA and CBDA, which are the acids that evolve into THC and CBD. Neurotherapeutics. 9,918,947. Andersson M., Scheidweiler K.B., Sempio C., Barnes A.J., Huestis M.A. Valdeolivas S, Navarrete C, Cantarero I, Bellido ML, Muoz E, Sagredo O. Neuroprotective properties of cannabigerol in Huntington's disease: studies in R6/2 mice and 3-nitropropionate-lesioned mice. published in Carcinogenesis tested the effects of CBG in a mouse model of colon cancer. Moreover, CBG has been shown to reduce the survival of glioblastoma cells, similar to temozolomide used both in monotherapy and with CBG [80]. It works as the precursor to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabichromene (CBC). Keshari A.K., Srivastava A., Upadhayaya M., Srivastava R. Antioxidants and Free Radicals Scavenging Activity of Medicinal Plants. One of the plants that are being increasingly often studied, due to the promising multidirectional biomedical activity of their constituents, is Cannabis sativa L., a plant that has been cultivated since ancient times, mainly for its fibers and oil, but also for its medicinal properties [7]. Molecular Targets of the Phytocannabinoids: A Complex Picture. View abstract. View abstract. Colon carcinogenesis is inhibited by the TRPM8 antagonist cannabigerol, a Cannabis-derived non-psychotropic cannabinoid. Toutefois, contrairement au THC, le CBG n'a aucun effet sur les facults mentales du consommateur ! Handbook of Cannabis and Related Pathologies. (1982) showed that i.v. and I.J.-K.; writingreview and editing, E.S. Deiana S., Watanabe A., Yamasaki Y., Amada N., Arthur M., Fleming S., Woodcock H., Dorward P., Pigliacampo B., Close S., et al. After its discovery in 1964, CBG research progressed at a relatively slow pace due to its low concentration in most cannabis plants. Doctors are looking into CBG as a neuroprotective agent for people with degenerative brain diseases such as Huntingtons disease, as well as potential tumor-inhibitor for certain kinds of breast cancer. Once this conversion process is complete, the cannabis plant contains only trace amounts of CBGA, which is why it's available at higher concentrations several weeks before harvest. In vivo studies have shown that cannabigerol suspended in mixtures of glycerol and ethylene oxide (cremophor EL) and ethanol and saline in a ratio of 1:1:18 administered orally or intraperitoneally to rats and mice in varying amounts concentrates in the blood plasma [72]. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the 10% of the cannabinoid fraction) [39], which stems from the fact that some of the cannabigerolic acid present in the plant is converted to acidic forms of other phytocannabinoids from the aforementioned group [12]. In terms of potential use in pharmacotherapy, cannabidiol is the one studied the most frequently and extensively and is primarily evaluated for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [11]. The Inheritance of Chemical Phenotype in. Sci Rep 2020;10(1):20405. CBG-dominant hemp is also found in Europe. A simultaneous analysis of both blood and oral fluid suggests that it is possible to obtain information not only about the time elapsed since the ingestion but also on how Cannabis sativa L. was introduced into the body. Because its present in very small amounts compared to cannabinoid giants like THC and CBD, the CBG in most marijuana strains doesnt create noticeable effects. 1). THC has long been known to be an appetite stimulant, which is why marijuana makes such an effective treatment for people losing weight due to AIDS or side effects from chemotherapy. Within the secretory trichomes, numerous biologically active compounds are biosynthesized and/or secreted, such as terpenoids (responsible for the fragrance of hemp) and phytocannabinoids, whose role is to protect the plant from pests and herbivores. Booth J.K., Page J.E., Bohlmann J. Terpene Synthases from Cannabis Sativa. Liu Y., Zhu P., Cai S., Haughn G., Page J.E. 8600 Rockville Pike With antibiotic resistance becoming a huge problem across the globe, scientists have started investigating alternatives to traditional medications used to kill bacterial infections. found that CBG reduced bowel inflammation , nitric oxide production (, which is generated at high levels in certain types of inflammation. In addition, brain levels of CBG in both mice and rats were shown to be higher in the case of intraperitoneal administration, which favors very significant increases in CBG levels. Three Novel Transcription Factors Involved in Cannabinoid Biosynthesis in. In recent years, however, a bevy of studies has begun uncovering its pharmacological properties and potential medical uses. A 2014 study published in Carcinogenesis tested the effects of CBG in a mouse model of colon cancer. However, a more likely mechanism of CBG formation is thought to be the process of non-enzymatic decarboxylation of cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) formed from olivetolic acid (OLA) and geranyl diphosphate [8]. CBD or Cannabidiol, is one of many cannabinoids, or molecules produced uniquely by the cannabis family plant. For example, test tube research on leukemia has suggested that anti-cancer activity is enhanced when CBG is combined with other cannabinoids. Interest in CBG is on the rise due to its non-psychoactive properties and pharmacological potential. has suggested that anti-cancer activity is enhanced when CBG is combined with other cannabinoids. Due to its easy conversion to CBD, cannabigerol is treated as a structural analogue of CBD with an open cyclohexylene ring [38]. Individuals living with AIDS and cancer commonly experience anorexia, or reduced appetite, and cachexia, which refers to weakness or wasting of the body. A closer look at cannabimimetic terpenes, polyphenols, and flavonoids Based on previous analyses of biological activities of phytocannabinoids, some overlap is believed to exist with the activities of endocannabinoids, especially concerning their actions on G-protein-coupled membrane receptors and lipid mediators as well as phospholipid-metabolizing enzymes [44,45]. 2018;19(7). Accessibility CBG acts on serotoninergic, cannabinoid, peroxisome proliferator-activated . A. FDA is aware that unapproved cannabis or cannabis-derived products are being used for the treatment of a number of medical conditions including, for example, AIDS wasting, epilepsy, neuropathic . It was observed that cannabigerol was removed from the bodies of Cannabis sativa L. smokers in urine in the form of a conjugate with glucuronic acid, which was not found in either the control or the CBG-enriched urine samples. Cannabigerol (CBG) is one of more than 120 identified cannabinoid compounds found in the plant genus Cannabis. Cannabigerol is a chemical found in the Cannabis sativa plant. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help What Is CBG? Benefits, Risks And More View abstract. This approach seems more realistic due to the fact that olivetol is not detected in Cannabis sativa L. tissues despite the presence of olivetol synthase (OLS), an enzyme essential for its biosynthesis [31]. The compound is absorbed into the body during smoking, where it is metabolized and then excreted in the urine [78]. Karimi A., Majlesi M., Rafieian-Kopaei M. Herbal versus Synthetic Drugs; Beliefs and Facts. This is why most marijuana strains are high in THC, but relatively low in all the other cannabinoids. Carcinogenesis. Phytocannabinoids are a group of 21-carbon terpenophenolic compounds [19]. All five cannabinoids showed potent activity against MRSA strains of bacteria, although researchers were not able to determine their mechanism of activity. - CNBS A guide to how CBC works, its side effects, the difference between CBC vs CBD, and the medical benefits of the CBC in marijuana. These are compounds cannabis produces that interact with a network. Nachnani R., Raup-Konsavage W.M., Vrana K.E. nol k-na-b-nl -nl : a crystalline, mildly psychoactive cannabinoid C21H26O2 that is found in very small quantities in cannabis as a breakdown product of THC and is believed to have sedative properties called also CBN compare cannabidiol Example Sentences Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. Plant cannabinoids have been shown to interact with other G protein-coupled receptors (GPR55 or GPR18 receptors) and opioid or serotonin receptors, as well as nuclear receptors and ligand-gated ion channels or transient receptor potential (TRP) channels [24]. Carrillo-Salinas F.J., Navarrete C., Mecha M., Feli A., Collado J.A., Cantarero I., Bellido M.L., Muoz E., Guaza C. A Cannabigerol Derivative Suppresses Immune Responses and Protects Mice from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. possesses antibacterial and antiseptic qualities that have shown promise in treating MRSA. CBG also boasts tumor-inhibiting properties. National Library of Medicine Researchers believe that because it stimulates the production of natural endocannabinoids in the brain, CBG may lessen anxiety and elevate mood. 2017;28(4):280-284. Apart from the above phytocannabinoids, hemp contains cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene (CBC), 9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabivarin (CBV), and cannabidivarin (CBDV) [22]. The site is secure. CBG is formed from the. The Origin and Biomedical Relevance of Cannabigerol CBG starts out as CBGA, also known as cannabigerolic acid. In addition, cannabigerol decreases the activity of FAAH, an enzyme that metabolizes anandamide, thus affecting its levels and biological effects. For both CBG and CBD, these temperatures are close to their boiling points [28]. Prandi C., Blangetti M., Namdar D., Koltai H. Structure-Activity Relationship of Cannabis Derived Compounds for the Treatment of Neuronal Activity-Related Diseases. Similar to cannabinoids, it is believed that cannabigerols complex biological effects are the result of modifications of dependent redox and inflammatory processes, which in turn modulate cellular metabolism. 2012;219(3):859-73. pii: E1992. The structures of cannabidiol and its analogues are shown in Fig. Because CBGA, the precursor to CBG, is the parent to many major cannabinoids, its the source of a great deal of the power packed inside of the cannabis plant. Giacoppo S., Gugliandolo A., Trubiani O., Pollastro F., Grassi G., Bramanti P., Mazzon E. Cannabinoid CB2 Receptors Are Involved in the Protection of RAW264.7 Macrophages Against the Oxidative Stress: An in Vitro Study. The most well-known cannabinoids are cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), but. Gagne S.J., Stout J.M., Liu E., Boubakir Z., Clark S.M., Page J.E. ; visualization, A.J. As a skin disease, acne is characterized by excess sebum production and sebaceous gland inflammation. Majolo F., de Oliveira Becker Delwing L.K., Marmitt D.J., Bustamante-Filho I.C., Goettert M.I. While CBG exhibits binding characteristics typical of 9-THC and CBD at cannabinoid receptors (but with much lower binding affinities), its interactions with - 2 adrenoceptors and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT 1A) are unique. 2% of the samples tested) in plasma obtained from individuals participating in several clinical trials focused on the effects of medical marijuana on various pathological conditions (e.g., Parkinsons disease, brain tumors in children, childhood epilepsy). Similar to endocannabinoids, phytocannabinoids belonging to the cannabigerol group also modify the activation of CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors as agonists, with CBG also interacting with receptors such as TRPV1 and PPAR [36,46,47]. Chemical composition of different parts of Cannabis sativa L. [17,18]. One of the reported benefits of the entourage effect is that the presence of other compounds such as CBD and CBG can help to tame the intoxicating effects of THC, potentially increasing its therapeutic abilities. Scientists have been looking into whether many individual cannabinoids have anti-tumor properties, and CBG is no exception. Perrotin-Brunel H., Kroon M.C., van Roosmalen M.J.E., van Spronsen J., Peters C.J., Witkamp G.J. Schematic representing terpenes, polyphenols, and flavonoidsphytocannabinoid ligands beyond the Cannabis plant(just) the tip of the iceberg!. Plasma and brain pharmacokinetic profile of cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidivarine (CBDV), ? Once those cannabinoids are decarboxylated, they turn into their better-known versions: THC, CBD, etc. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. Brierley DI, Samuels J, Duncan M, Whalley BJ, Williams CM. The plant first produces CBG in very small quantities and then it goes on . Aljobaily N, Krutsinger K, Viereckl MJ, et al. Decarboxylation transforms the cannabinoids into their pharmacologically-active forms. CBG has been shown to help lower intraocular pressure, which causes much of the damage from glaucoma. Ligresti A., Moriello A.S., Starowicz K., Matias I., Pisanti S., De Petrocellis L., Laezza C., Portella G., Bifulco M., Di Marzo V. Antitumor Activity of Plant Cannabinoids with Emphasis on the Effect of Cannabidiol on Human Breast Carcinoma. Furthermore, some bioactive compounds found in medicinal plants have been shown to exhibit antifungal activity [3]. It's possible that future research will reveal more about the specific interactions of CBG with other phytocannabinoids. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult a. Echeverry C., Prunell G., Narbondo C., de Medina V.S., Nadal X., Reyes-Parada M., Scorza C. A Comparative In Vitro Study of the Neuroprotective Effect Induced by Cannabidiol, Cannabigerol, and Their Respective Acid Forms: Relevance of the 5-HT1A Receptors. Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects Induced by Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol in Rat CTX-TNA2 Astrocytes and Isolated Cortexes. The .gov means its official. View abstract. CBG is a short-life precursor of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabichromene (CBC), which explains its low concentration in the plant. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, A. Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; Received 2022 Jun 30; Accepted 2022 Jul 16. However, its mechanism of action remains elusive. Cannabigerol Action at Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 Receptors and at CB1-CB2 Heteroreceptor Complexes. CBG has been shown to help lower intraocular pressure, which causes much of the damage from glaucoma. agonists by a computational and in vitro experimental approach. Ruhaak L.R., Felth J., Karlsson P.C., Rafter J.J., Verpoorte R., Bohlin L. Evaluation of the Cyclooxygenase Inhibiting Effects of Six Major Cannabinoids Isolated from Cannabis Sativa. As this reaction occurs, the CBGA synthesizes into THCA, CBDA, CBCA, and so on. CBG (along with CBD, CBC, THC and CBN) possesses antibacterial and antiseptic qualities that have shown promise in treating MRSA. View abstract. Front Physiol 2022;13:871962. This variation is particularly evident in the content of 9-THC, which depends on the intended use of the cultivated plants.