; Hai Liu, R. Thermal Processing Enhances the Nutritional Value of Tomatoes by Increasing Total Antioxidant Activity. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. J Agric Food Chem 41: 7883, Patchell MR (1984) The Poultry Research Centre: a summary of final reports and current research for the year ending 31 October 1984. The criterion of minimizing chemical waste favors the use of high-temperature, high-pressure water. De Albuquerque, M.A.C. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13081280, Zannini, Domenico, Giovanni Dal Poggetto, Mario Malinconico, Gabriella Santagata, and Barbara Immirzi. Castro, M.D.L.D. ; methodology, B.I. , which of the following equations obeys the ideal gas law https://questions.llc/answers/2351000. ; Levit, R.; Beres, C.; Bedani, R.; de Moreno, M.A. In. J Syst Evol 48:133145, Article Jiang, B.; Wang, M.; Wang, X.; Wu, S.; Li, D.; Liu, C.; Feng, Z.; Li, J. YRG designed, executed the study and edited the manuscript. , balanced net ionic equation for the precipitation of chromium(II) phosphate from aqueous solution. That said, the USDA technically recognizes only the grade "Olive Pomace Oil" -- with the wording in that particular order. LAWineFest SoCals Signature Wine Event Heads to Long Beach This Weekend. Proc Ind Waste Conf Purdue Univ 43: 551560, Whitney SEC, Brigham JE, Darke AH, Reid JSG, Gidley MJ (1995) In vitro assembly of cellulose/ xyloglucan networks: ultrastructural and molecular aspects. The authors also thank Maria Cristina Del Barone, for her valid support in morphological analysis performed in (LAMeST) laboratory of the Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Council of Research, Pozzuoli, Italy. Biocycle 36 (8): 3639, Gitenshtein BM, Shterk PM, Pecherskii MA, Shimanovich BI, Ivanov AP, Ropot VP (1975) Processing of apples for material for wine production by leaching out the pomace. Bull Fac Agric No 34, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036, Japan, Truelle A (1926) The utilization of cider apple seed for oil extraction. In which way, 2. The criterion of minimizing chemical waste favors the use of high-temperature, high-pressure water. PubMed Central 5 answers. "Pomace" is derived from the Latin "pomum" (fruit and fruit tree). The seeds are readily purchased by budding businesses like Whole Vine Products of California, which uses grape seeds and pomace in its sustainable food products and oils. Production of Pectin-Cellulose Biofilms: A New Approach for Citrus Waste Recycling. As consumers become more eco-conscious, responsible pomace disposal will almost certainly be a major brand boost for the eco-minded producer. 7 Citations Metrics Abstract Dietary fiber (DF) is a crucial part of a healthy human diet due to its health benefits in the issues related to cardiovascular, overweight, and digestion. Google Scholar, Agricultural Research Council (1976) The nutrient requirements of farm livestock, no 4: Composition of British feedingstuffs - technical review and tables. CAS ; Yang, X.; Tian, Y.; Iqbal, M.; Guo, Y. In white wine production, grapes are quickly pressed after crushing to avoid skin contact with pomace as a byproduct of the pressing. Part I. [citation needed]. 1). Effect of Drying Pretreatment Methods on Structure and Properties of Pectins Extracted from Chinese Quince Fruit. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03887-1_4. "White Cider and street drinkers: Recommendations to reduce harm", "What a Waste! Molecules 21:623. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21050623, Article In the Middle Ages, pomace wine with a low alcohol content of three or four percent was widely available. and D.Z. Lebensm Wiss Technol 27: 194196, Hang YD, Woodams EE (1994b) Apple pomace: a potential substrate for production of 13glucosidase by Aspergillus foetidus. Pectin (Ancient Greek: pktiks: "congealed" and "curdled") is a heteropolysaccharide, a structural acid contained in the primary lamella, in the middle lamella, and in the cell walls of terrestrial plants. Delivered to your inbox! The desire to have the purest possible product favors the use of ethanol over water. Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. J Agric Food Chem 68:1519915207, Khanam UKS, Oba S (2013) Bioactive substances in leaves of two amaranth species, Amaranthus tricolor and A. hypochondriacus. Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for It tastes delicious, and is totally unrefined (a good thing, trust us!). Yep, that definition is pretty dead on if you ask me! J Funct Foods 58:207217, Pandey KB, Rizvi SI (2009) Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease. Benavente-Garca, O.; Castillo, J.; Marin, F.R. Webster's Dictionary has a pretty simple definition of Pomace. See more. It has a free acidity, expressed as oleic acid, of not more than 0.3grams per 100grams and its other characteristics correspond to those laid down for this category. landscaping mulch Qin, Z.; Liu, H.M.; Cheng, X.C. February 17, 2022 10:39pm UTC, URL The solutions are directly sprayable onto the soil and are able to form a protective geomembrane against the growth of spontaneous weeds that affect crop production. Which property is similar between the web and the jacket?, Assuming silk from spiderwebs could be made just as strong as Kevlar, why would a company still choose to use Kevlar in producing bulletproof fabrics?, Which microscopic detail affects the strength of . Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station, Bull no 96, Burlington, Vermout, Hours RA, Massucco AE, Ertola RJ (1985) Microbial biomass product from apple pomace in batch and fed batch cultures. ; Williams, D.R. You can have pomace made up of the remains of grapes after making wine, and lots of other types of pomace. Determination of Pectin Degree of Esterification by Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. "Citrus Pomace Biomass as a Source of Pectin and Lignocellulose Fibers: From Waste to Upgraded Biocomposites for Mulching Applications" Polymers 13, no. This choice was driven by the intended agricultural application of pectin. Cytotechnology 74, 341349 (2022). But it doesn't stop with just olives. Production figures for apple pomace are shown in Table 1. Criteria and constraints help guide decision-making as people work to, Criteria and constraints help determine which solutions will be applied when extracting materials from pomace. soil additives ; Barros, A.K. Pomace Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster 2023. A cubic yard is 3 feet long by 3 feet wide by 3 feet tall. Pomace is available in greater quantities than needed for traditional uses and would be wasted. 57, Geneva, New York, P7, Walter RH, Sherman RM (1976) Fuel value of grape and apple processing wastes. Oxi Med Cell Long 2:270278. Though often considered a waste product (and a huge problem in wine producing regions), pomace has its uses. Mohnen, D. Pectin Structure and Biosynthesis. Dewanto, V.; Wu, X.; Adom, K.K. Express your a -The criterion of minimizing chemical waste favors the use of organic solvents. Lebensm Wiss Technol 19: 253257, Wang HI, Thomas RL (1989) Direct use of apple pomace in bakery products. Canola Council of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, pp 181188, Davies RJ (1982) Pectin extraction from New Zealand fruit wastes. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp 5382, Caprez A, Arrigoni E, Neukom H, Amado R (1987) Improvement of the sensory properties of two different dietary fibre sources through enzymatic modification. https://doi.org/10.4161/oxim.2.5.9498, Park C-H, Min S-Y, Yu H-W, Kim K, Kim S, Lee H-J, Kim J-H, Park Y-J (2020) Effects of apigenin on RBL-2H3, RAW264.7, and HaCat cells: anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and skin-protective activities. the. ; Anthon, G.E. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54: 20032013, Bertrand GC (1942) Apple-seed oil. ; Garcia, P.S. Nutr Rep Int 38 (1): 207210, Hang YD (1988b) Microbial production of citric acid in fixed-bed column bioreactors. Isolated seeds are a hot commodity for many industries, such as cooking oil producers. Holzforschung 40: 267272, Lopez AC, Coalia HM, De La Torre JC, Diez PS (1990) Extraction of pectin from apple waste produced in cider manufacture. Trends Food Sci Technol 7: 263268, Sechriest RE, Sherrod DW (1977) Pelleted bait for control of the black cutworm in corn. (Part B) Landscaping, Note: Enter your answer and show all the steps that you use to solve this problem in the space provided. Which use of pomace has become more available through new technologies? D) PV = M Dietary fibers from fruit and vegetable waste: methods of extraction Introduction Polyphenols are valuable metabolites synthesized by plants during their growth and they may act as antioxidants, phytoalexins, protective agents against UV light, and attractants for. (Part A) How many cubic feet are in 1 cubic yard? All 14 bacteria were inhibited to some degree by the pomace depending on the grape variety and the concentration of the extract. Nutr Rep Int 40 (3): 465476, Smith WC, Moughan PJ, Pearson G, James KAC (1987) Comparative bioavailable energy values of five ground cereal grains measured with growing rats and pigs. Indian J Anim Nutr 8 (3): 213216, Sly MR, Robbins DJ, van der Walt WH, du Bruyn DB (1989) Evaluation of apple pomace as a hypocholesterolemic agent in baboons given a high-fat diet. Wang, W.; Ma, X.; Jiang, P.; Hu, L.; Zhi, Z.; Chen, J.; Ding, T.; Ye, X.; Liu, D. Characterization of Pectin from Grapefruit Peel: A Comparison of Ultrasound-Assisted and Conventional Heating Extractions. Vomn Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp 323341, CrossRef It is the lowest grade of oil and it represents only a tiny amount of the UK vegetable oil market, around 0.25% of the one million tonnes consumed each year. With all of. Immirzi, B.; Santagata, G.; Vox, G.; Schettini, E. Preparation, Characterisation and Field-Testing of a Biodegradable Sodium Alginate-Based Spray Mulch. Thank you so GrootTwig! conversion to methane or ethanol. Effective Separation of Prolyl Endopeptidase from Aspergillus Niger by Aqueous Two Phase System and Its Characterization and Application. https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess. ; Winston, J.R.; Schomer, H.A. We'll tell you. Generally, medieval wines were not fermented to dryness; consequently the pomace would retain some residual sugar after fermenting. From which source is pomace derived? Abstract and Figures Olive-derived biomass is not only a renewable bioenergy resource but also it can be a source of bioproducts, including antioxidants. Once the mechanical oil extraction of olive oil is complete, approximately 58% of the oil remains in the pulp, which then needs to be extracted with the help of solvents, an industrial technique used in the production of most other edible oils including canola, peanut, and sunflower. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A spiderweb and a Kevlar jacket have some obvious differences. More recently, pomace has been employed in the service of brandy production. ; Kaur, G. Recent Progress in the Utilization of Industrial Waste and By-products of Citrus Fruits: A Review. Criteria and constraints help guide decision-making as people work to extract useful materials from pomace. -Photoshops. the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Brandy - Wikipedia Grape seed oil is coveted for cooking. The answer for this is- "Pomace is a waste material from apple juice production that can be added to yogurt to boost nutritional value. ; Schuchmann, H.P. Which use of pomace has become more available through new technologies Citrus Pomace Biomass as a Source of Pectin and Lignocellulose Fibers Fabrication and Characterization of a Microemulsion Stabilized by Integrated Phosvitin and Gallic Acid. ; data curation, D.Z. In recent years, wine producers have began employing their pomace as fertilizer. Kang, S.-M.; Bilal, S.; Shahzad, R.; Kim, Y.-N.; Park, C.-W.; Lee, K.-E.; Lee, J.-R.; Lee, I.-J. Answer: 1. -Reliable organization. Grape pomace is also used in the oil and gas industry as a lost circulation material in oil-based drilling muds due to the pomace being fibrous and tannin-rich. Finally, it was possible to note a clear and wide peak in a range between 300 and 400 C, caused by the thermal degradation of the lignocellulose fraction residue. Finally, the percentage yield of the pectin was determined through the following equation (Equation (1)): The alcoholic fractions of isopropanol and ethanol were mixed and evaporated using a rotavapor instrument; the obtained powder was analyzed to evaluate the total phenol (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC). They divide the mulch up into bags that can each hold 2 1/4 pounds. Over 3 million tonnes of olive oil is produced each year. This generates a huge amount of leftover solid waste which is challenging to dispose of, as it is high in antimicrobial chemicals, salt, and fats. South Afr J Anim Sci 16 (4): 192196, Van der Merwe HJ, Kotze WH, Kottler WA (1987) n Vergelyking tussen mielies en appelreste as energiebronne in n kargvoermengsel vir sui welkalwars. Tartrates (potassium bitartrate, 'cream of tartar') and grape polyphenols can also be manufactured from grape pomace. From which source is pomace derived? ace p-ms p- 1 : the dry or pulpy residue of material (such as fruit, seeds, or fish) from which a liquid (such as juice or oil) has been pressed or extracted 2 : something crushed to a pulpy mass Example Sentences According to the Canadian Food and Drug Regulations, pomace can be a potable alcoholic distillate or a mixture of potable alcoholic distillates obtained by distilled skin and pulp of sound ripe fruit after removal of the fruit juice, wine or fruit wine. Shipping costs are auto-calculated at checkout, Buy single drums, partial pallets or full pallets, Ships from Centra Foods within 1-3 business days, Pure is really just a marketing term that has stuck around the industry, Olive Pomace Oil: Defined and Demystified. Organic solvents are expensive, which limits their use for extracting chemicals. J Anim Sci 54 (2): 221234, Sargent SA (1985) An energy and cost analysis model to evaluate the combustion of food processing wastes. Which constraint is driving the interest in extracting useful chemicals from pomace? Twinomuhwezi, H.; Godswill, A.C.; Kahunde, D. Extraction and Characterization of Pectin from Orange (Citrus Sinensis), Lemon (Citrus Limon) and Tangerine (Citrus Tangerina). Heuz V., Tran G., 2017. In. Brandy is a liquor produced by distilling wine.Brandy generally contains 35-60% alcohol by volume (70-120 US proof) and is typically consumed as an after-dinner digestif.Some brandies are aged in wooden casks.Others are coloured with caramel colouring to imitate the effect of ageing, and some are produced using a combination of ageing and colouring. does anyone have the rest of the quick check answers?? extract useful materials from pomace. ; Vox, G. Recycled Wastes of Tomato and Hemp Fibres for Biodegradable Pots: Physico-Chemical Characterization and Field Performance. The Mechanical properties of the pectin film and biocomposites are summarized in, However, the PEC film demonstrated a higher value of elongation at breaking as compared to the purified pectin film, due to the presence of bioactive molecules (flavonoids, flavanones, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, etc.) Biomed Pharmacol J 12:649660, Hu Y, Sun LW, Neo MC, Zhang YX, Wen CX, Xie XL, Liu YJ (2010) Primary identifications and palynological observations of Perilla in China. High fruit consumption is associated with beneficial health effects, and therefore, apple pomace and its constituents raise t Diss Abst Int 45 (8): 26152616, Sargent SA, Pierson TR (1983) Economic feasibility of using apple pomace as a boiler feedstock, paper 836544. N Y Food Life Sci Q 8 (1): 1213, Walter RH, Bourke JB, Sherman RM, Clarke RG, Smith SE, Lake GB (1975b) Status of DDT in milk from cows fed apple pomace. Ridley, B.L. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Report IPD/RI/2032, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, Bath D, Dunbar J, King J, Berry S, Leonard R, Olbrich S (1986) Composition of by products and unusual feedstuffs. Pomace Meaning: What Is The Pomace In Olive Pomace Oil? landscaping mulch State College of Washington, Agricultural Experiment Station, Bull no 270, Pullman, Washington, Lane AG (1979) Methane from anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable processing wastes. Diaz, J.V. Zannini, D.; Dal Poggetto, G.; Malinconico, M.; Santagata, G.; Immirzi, B. Tanaka, M.; Takamizu, A.; Hoshino, M.; Sasaki, M.; Goto, M. Extraction of Dietary Fiber from Citrus Junos Peel with Subcritical Water. What is 'pomace' anyways? https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13081280, Zannini D, Dal Poggetto G, Malinconico M, Santagata G, Immirzi B. J Anim Sci 47 (4): 967976, Rumsey TS, Lindahl IL (1982) Apple pomace and urea for gestating ewes. The desire to have the purest possible product favors the use of water over ethanol. ; Abobi, K.E. https://questions.llc/questions/1885225/3-criteria-and-constraints-help-guide-decision-making-as-people-work-to-extract-useful, 4. Pomace from the Italian wine Amarone is macerated in Valpolicella wine to produce Ripasso. https://questions.llc/answers/2335230, Created Google Scholar, Yan X, Qi M, Li P, Zhan Y, Shao H (2017) Apigenin in cancer therapy: anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of action. ; validation, G.D.P. How Long Does Boxed Wine Last? Some wineries use the material as fertilizer, while others are selling it to biogas companies for renewable energy. This wine was made by adding water to pomace and then fermenting it. makes the bulk oil buying process so much easier! We've created this new industry-leading online storefront which. unused waste from food processing Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. Res Ind New Delhi 35 (4): 207211, Lu Y, Foo LY (1997) Identification and quantification of major polyphenols in apple pomace. Biocycle 33 (3): 6971, Joshi VK, Kaushal NK, Thakur NS (1996) Apple pomace saucedevelopment and quality of fresh and stored products. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly Interscience Publishers, New York Stapleton J, Morreale J, Kiviat E (1984) No landfill space for apple waste. Created The criterion of available resources favors the use of high-temperature, high-pressure water. In. Dao, T.A.T. Which option is an example of how a criterion for success is applied in this situation? PubMedGoogle Scholar. Exp Biol Med 229:247254, Tian Y, Wang H, Yuan F, Li N, Huang Q, He L, Wang L, Liu Z (2016) Perilla oil has similar protective effects of fish oil on high-fat diet-Induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and gut dysbiosis. The hypothesis tested in this paper is that the regular consumption of GP-derived seasonings could help in the . but also results in the loss of valuable bioactive compounds and natural antioxidants. Apple pomace is the press cake resulting from pressing apples for juice (see Fig. https://questions.llc/answers/2335226, URL Like many trends, this simple yet effective disposal method has been vogue in European viticulture for decades, but is just catching on to U.S. markets. The resulting pomace is more alcoholic and tannic than pomace produced from white wine production. Reusing Olive Waste | Ask the Expert. Uses and Properties of Citrus Flavonoids. We've created this new industry-leading online storefront whichmakes the bulk oil buying process so much easier! White wine grapes are pressed and quickly separated from pomace, leaving behind a sweet and low alcohol mush. ; Prez, L.L. HPLC spectra of polyphenols of egoma pomace derived from - ResearchGate Organic solvents are expensive, which limits their use for extracting chemicals. Plant Cell Physiol 35: 11991205, Heinemann WW (1984) Apple pomace in steer finishing diets. ; Mu, T.H. New methods hold promise of extending pomaces usefulness. S Afr J Sci 75 (3): 124126, Emmaus DA (1991) Juice company recycles residuals. Acid reduction in grape musts and wines by addition of apple pomace. TNO-CIVO Food Analysis Institute, Zeist, The Netherlands, Malhotra SK, Miller MJ (1973) Biological treatment of vinegar plant wastes. ; writingoriginal draft preparation, D.Z. Organic solvents are expensive, which limits their use for extracting chemicals. Chen, X.M. Pomace degrades rapidly, quickly transferring those untapped nutrients back into the soil from whence it came. The samples were dried under vacuum for 24 h at 60 C to remove water traces. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. Oosterveld, A.; Beldman, G.; Schols, H.A. Jiang, B.; Na, J.; Wang, L.; Li, D.; Liu, C.; Feng, Z. Reutilization of Food Waste: One-Step Extration, Purification and Characterization of Ovalbumin from Salted Egg White by Aqueous Two-Phase Flotation. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. Purpose: Grape pomace (GP) is a winery by-product rich in polyphenols and dietary fibre. (in Russian) (Title only in Chem Abstr 87:529 #0871732531), Morice IM, Shorland FB, Williams E (1971) Seed oils of apples Malus pumila. Sadovod Vinograd Vinodel Mold 7: 3233, Givens DI, Barber WP (1987) Nutritive value of apple pomace for ruminants. -The criterion of minimizing chemical waste favors the use of high-temperature, high-pressure water? Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. Fruit World Annu Orchardists Guide 70(12):40 (ns; AN 70079377 ). Which option is an example of an important constraint on a process? March 3, 2022 3:31pm UTC, URL Like manure, pomace is a natural waste product that, like any mass produced commodity, is anything but natural to dispose of. Nevertheless, it is generally accepted that the pectin structure consists of heterogeneous polysaccharides with three main structural domains covalently linked one to another, the homogalacturonan, and the highly branched rhamnogalacturonans regions [, Frequently, pectin is extracted from citrus peels and apple pomace using the acid extraction technique. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. ; Isay Saad, S.M. Download preview PDF. Influence of Pectin Properties and Processing Conditions on Thermal Pectin Degradation. Evaluating Design Flashcards | Quizlet You are accessing a machine-readable page. Polymers. Acta Aliment Pol 14 (34): 139144, Jarvis MC, Apperley DC (1990) Direct observation of cell wall structure in living plant tissues by solid-state C NMR spectroscopy. soil additives Zafeiropoulos, N.E. Riv Ital Sostanze Grasse 44: 372378, CAS animal feed Thanks to these and many others, winemakers are able to sync wine production in harmony with nature and the vine. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Pomace - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics In: Dawn K (ed) Analytical chemistry of rapeseed and its products. Hudsonia, Bard College, Annandle, NY Knott JC, Hodgson RE, Ellington EV (1932) The feeding value of dried apple pomace for dairy cows. Orzali, L. Chitosan in Agriculture: A New Challenge for Managing Plant Disease. On the other hand, as the amount of filler increased, it is possible to see a decrease in the displacement at breaking point for the PEC-25 and PEC-35 samples, typical of a more stiff and less elastic material, as show in, The SEM micrographs of PEC-6h-3%, purified pectin, commercial citrus pectin, and residue are shown in, From the analysis of SEM picture of the purified pectin (, The effect of the acid treatment, which occurred during the extraction of pectin, leads to a greater presence of coarse and disordered fibers with clear cusps (spool) for the longer extraction times. Ground breakers like Nebraska Screw Press and Whole Vine Products are forging partnerships with viticulture to infuse a healthy (and tasty) bouquet to the industrys environmental footprint. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. ; Rentschler, C.; Kurz, T.; Endre, H.U. food flavorings Communications Marketing, Eden Prairie Minnesota, Pritzker J, Jungkunz R (1935) Apple and pear seed oil. 3. Criteria and constraints help guide decision-making as people work Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about pomace. Citrus pomace derived from the industrial processing of juice and essential oils mostly consists of pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and simple sugars. South Afr Food Review 8 (3): 27, White TE, Malecki DJ, Jewell WJ (1989) Anaerobic treatment of apple pomace and waste water. ; Mohnen, D. Pectins: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Oligogalacturonide-Related Signaling. CR Hebd Seances Acad Agric Fr 12: 8191, Upadjhyay RC, Sohi HS (1988) Apple pomace a good substrate for cultivation of edible mushrooms. The Spanish government introduced a temporary ban on olive-pomace oil in response to these findings. Google Scholar, Dhyani A, Chopra R, Garg M (2019) A review on nutritional value, functional properties and pharmacological application of Perilla (Perilla frutescens L.). Towards a Comprehensive Exploitation of Agrofood Residues: Olive TreeOlive Oil as Example. those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). I. March 2, 2022 8:08pm UTC, URL We suggest a high-quality cold or expeller pressed grape seed oil. J Food Sci Technol 33 (5): 414417, Kalia VC, Kumar A, Jain SR, Joshi AP (1992) Biomethanation of plant materials.