An empirical analysis. jointly designed the research methodology; J.C.T.B. (2022, June 28). International Energy Agency (IEA): Paris, France, Khan D (2019) Effects of information and communication technology real income, and CO2 emissions: the experience of countries along belt and road. COP 21 or CMP 11, 30 November to 12 December: Paris, France, WDI (2018) World development indicators. The barriers in the communication process have been wiped out by the recent advances in information and communication technology(ICT) backed by high-speed data connectivity. Irfan Khan, Vishal Dagar, Saeed, Muhammad Wasif Zafar Add to Mendeley https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121570 Get rights and content We analyze the impact of ICT and education on CO 2 emissions. Energy model terminology is specified in: ISO/IEC CD 13273 (Energy efficiency and renewable energy sources), ISO/DTR 16344 (Common terms, definitions and symbols for the overall energy performance rating and certification of buildings), ISO/CD 16346 (Assessment of overall energy performance of buildings), ISO/DIS 12655 (Presentation of real energy use of buildings), ISO/CD 16343 (Methods for expressing energy performance and for energy certification of buildings). Lancaster University. The KPIs will provide ICT users with tools to monitor the energy management of networks and sites in full compliance with the Kyoto Protocol on climate change and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Die Konstitution der Gesellschaft. A solution to this is the work developed in various . Siddaway, A. [. In Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (ISEE), Denver, CO, USA, 9 May 2001; pp. But it's relationship to carbon reduction may not be as straightforward as many people assume. Most directly, information and communications technology (ICT) has environmental impacts through the manufacturing, operation and disposal of devices and network equipment, but it also provides ways to mitigate energy use, for example through smart buildings and teleworking. PDF ICTs, the Environment and Climate Change - OECD J Clean Prod 88:144157, United Nations Climate Change Conference (2015). For example, a trend that is emerging in the development of software programs is the development of bulk software that requires plenty of resources including increased energy requirements to function (Forge, 2007). This support action is the European platform promoting the adoption of carbon footprint methodologies in the ICT sector. Climate change is the defining challenge of this era. Mayers, K.; Koomey, J.; Hall, R.; Bauer, M.; France, C.; Webb, A. Elaborating such an approach could provide valuable insights into ICTs impact on society and the resulting environmental consequences. Akande A, Cabral P, Casteleyn S (2019) Assessing the gap between technology and the environmental sustainability of European cities. A recently published standards track specification (RFC7603) presents the applicability of the EMAN information model in a variety of scenarios with cases and target devices. These position papers are issued to support the development of needed standards by standardisation technical committees. In Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA, 1922 May 2008; pp. The OECD and other stakeholders were invited to explore the role of ICT and Internet-related technologies in tackling climate change and energy efficiency, and to develop policies that . The framework focuses on energy management for IP-based network equipment (routers, switches, PCs, IP cameras, phones and the like). Sustainable Development, Springer, Singapore, Ozcan B, Apergis N (2018) The impact of internet use on air pollution: evidence from emerging countries. These use cases are useful for identifying requirements for the framework and MIBs. Although it is difficult to believe that the ICT is environmentally unsustainable in its current form, it is important to consider environmental challenges that have currently resulted from our increased usage of ICT products. With the support of ICT companies, concluding the piloting of various methodologies for goods, networks, services & organisations. Commun Strateg 1(76):3960, Houghton JW (2010) ICT and the environment in developing countries: a review of opportunities and developments. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. In itself, electrical energy is a clean form of energy that does not emit carbon emissions into the environment. A change in production behavior (e.g., people will read e-books instead of printed books), is treated as an exogenous variable. ; Keoleian, G.A. LCA and partial footprint are commonly used in single-use-case studies to investigate the relative change that is induced by a specific way of applying ICT. The Impacts of ICT on Climate Change - Sustainability Knowledge Group The spatial spillover effect of ICT development level on - Nature Also available are a range of standards for measurement methods for energy efficiency of fixed and mobile networks. IIMB Manag Rev 30(1):91103, Reed W, Ye H (2009) Which panel data estimator should I use? ITU is the UN body for information and telecommunication technologies and a study group meeting is a complex event that gathers companies and authorities from across the world for almost two full weeks . In this contest, ETSI has already published the standard EN 303 423 Environmental Engineering (EE); Electrical and electronic household and office equipment; Measurement of networked standby power consumption of Interconnecting equipment; Harmonised Standard covering the measurement method for EC Regulation 1275/2008 amended by EU Regulation 801/2013. your institution. Still, concentrating on the production of green energy is still important as well. Atkyns, R.; Blazek, M.; Roitz, J. General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. Brjeson, L.; Hjer, M.; Dreborg, K.-H.; Ekvall, T.; Finnveden, G. Scenario types and techniques: Towards a users guide. Based on the response to EC Mandate M/462, TC CABLE is extending the EN 305 200 series with a set of ENs standardizing an approach to energy efficiency in communication networks based on the assessment of network design and architecture. Tianjian, Y.; Yiwen, H.; Ping, Z.; Pamlin, D. Verizon Sustainability. A Systematic Literature Review for Software Sustainability Measures. For example, ICTem is useful for rough comparative assessments of ICT application domains and use cases. and L.M.H. Rev Econ Stat 80:549560, Ejemeyovwi J, Adiat Q, Ekong E (2019) Energy usage, internet usage and human development in selected western African countries. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Evaluation & Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE 2012), Ciudad Real, Spain, 1415 May 2012; pp. Global computing could be responsible for a greater share of greenhouse gas emissions than previously thought and these emissions will continue to rise significantly unless action is taken, a new study highlights. Content on this website is for information only. ICT may have positive and negative environmental impacts, leading to a U-shaped relationship. ; Hilty, L.M. In a digital society, this type of research could become instrumental for the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 12Responsible consumption and production. The project piloted the L.Cities methodology (Recommendation ITU-T L.1440) in Tampere and Rotterdam. Empirical results showed that the use of ICT led to reduced total CO 2 emissions, CO 2 emissions from solid fuel consumption, CO 2 emissions damage, particulate emissions damage, and energy. The climate impact of ICT: A review of estimates, trends and regulations. The Impact of ICT on the environment quality: mobile phone and internet penetrations: 1-CO2 emissions 2-CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption: Generalized Method of Moments: The impact of ICT on the environment depends on the measurement of the environment: Asongu et al. In addition, the paper warns that new trends in computing and ICT such as big data and AI, the Internet of Things, as well as blockchain and cryptocurrencies, risk driving further substantial growth in ICT's greenhouse gas footprint. In Proceedings of the 2008 11th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Beijing, China, 1215 October 2008; pp. Although consumers express concerns around possible environmental impact of their ICT devices, specifically relating to the materials used to produce them as well as their energy consumption, one in two consumers see privacy and security aspects associated with them as a greater concern. A solution to this is the work developed in various European and International standardisation bodies such as ETSI, ITU-T, IEC, ISO and others, around methodologies to assess this environmental impact, currently focused on energy management including energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with the achievement of good consensus. Action 5 Definition and guidelines of KPIs for ICT networks as per Mandate M/462. the impacts enabled by the direct or indirect use of ICTs, such as gr. Is there any impact from ICT on environmental quality in Africa Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(5):41744189, Panayotou T (1997) Demystifying the environmental Kuznets curve: turning a black box into a policy tool. Remarkably almost 10% of all energy used and 4% of carbon emissions in the environment are calculated as coming from ICT only. JRC - Best Environmental Management Practice, In September 2020 a document on Best Environmental Management Practice (BEMPs) for the Telecommunications and ICT services sector was published, with references to various standards. The team of researchers' next project, PARIS-DE, will investigate which mechanisms are needed to ensure digital technologies are designed to be compliant with the low carbon objectives outlined in the Paris Climate Agreement. https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/eur-scientific-and-technical-research-reports/best-environmental-management-practice-telecommunications-and-ict-services-sector, The Data Center EURECA project provides valuable information on resource efficient procurement of data centers. CLC/TC 215 is responsible for a holistic series of ENs for the design, operation and resource efficiency of data centres (including KPIs) from a system point of view. Existing studies use various approaches or methods to assess a spectrum of ICT use cases in several application domains. Among other activities, it has mapped all standards related to ICT energy & environmental efficiency (EN, ETSI, IEC, ITU, GHG, etc.). "Assessing Indirect Environmental Effects of Information and Communication Technology (ICT): A Systematic Literature Review" Sustainability 10, no. This standardisation request is not only limited to networks, but extends as well to data centres and other ICT nodes associated with broadband deployment. A review of research on the environmental impact of e-business and ICT. Known unknowns: Indirect energy effects of information and communication technology. Here are three ways climate change technology solutions - particularly AIoT. Still, I expect the manufacturers of data products to be more innovative and develop products that consume a decreased amount of energy as compared to those that are currently coming into the market. The resulting standards cover global KPIs for energy management covering ICT sites (e.g. The researchers point out that some of these prior estimates do not account for the full life-cycle and supply chain of ICT products and infrastructure -- such as: the energy expended in manufacturing the products and equipment; the carbon cost associated with all of their components and the operational carbon footprint of the companies behind them; the energy consumed when using the equipment; and also their disposal after they have fulfilled their purpose. Ericsson, E.; Larsson, H.; Brundell-Freij, K. Optimizing route choice for lowest fuel consumptionPotential effects of a new driver support tool. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily, its staff, its contributors, or its partners. Available online: Finnveden, G.; Hauschild, M.Z. Disclaimer/Publishers Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely In his research paper, Simon Forge has also offered potential remedies that can be used to mitigate the adverse effects of ICT on our environment. We explore this non-linear relationship for a sample of developed and developing economies from 1995 to 2010. Google Scholar, Almeida T, Cruz L, Barata E, Snchez I (2017) Economic growth and environmental impacts: an analysis based on a composite index of environmental damage. Most of the ICT products in the developed world have short life spans of usage mainly because of consumer cravings for the latest products and the high economic capacity of consumers in the developed world. PDF Smarter and Greener? Information Technology and the Environment permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. Weber, C.L. Moreover, a host of inadequacies in the management of waste (arising mainly from an inability to implement a comprehensive system of waste management) have been driven by a non-unified approach in tackling environmental pollution. (2017) 44 Sub-Saharan African countries. The long-term perspective is M2M solutions in the context of IoT. Environmental Science and Pollution Research (This article belongs to the Special Issue. [, Matthews, H.S. Significant Reductions in Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Still Possible, Unprecedented co-ordination across the ICT sector and policy makers is needed to formulate a plan to achieve net zero by 2050, ICT organisations need to have legally binding net zero targets that also cover their supply chain emissions, With competing demands on ICT such as workplace communications, leisure, Internet of Things, AI and bitcoin mining, in order to prevent run-away data demand, societies may need to consider prioritising some ICT uses above others, Clear detail is required on a sector by sector basis of the emissions savings that ICT is expected to deliver, underpinned by transparent evidence that includes all related emissions. People in the developing world are therefore able to enjoy the benefits of ICT products at a cheaper price as the lifespan of ICT products becomes considerably prolonged. Int J Energy Econ Policy 9(5):316321, Erdmann L, Hilty LM (2010) Scenario analysis: exploring the macroeconomic impacts of information and communication technologies on greenhouse gas emissions. [, Most of the studies we identified assess specific ICT use cases (e.g., e-books, videoconferencing). Toffel, M.W. Such a direction has emerged from the reality of the dangers that are currently posed to mans existence by greenhouse emissions and the accumulation of poisonous substances in our environment. In, Frehe, V.; Teuteberg, F. The Role of ICT in Green Logistics: A Systematic Literature Review. StudyCorgi. Digitalization as the societal process of ICT-driven change has created increasing interest in the indirect environmental effects of this technology. http://www.citykeys-project.eu/. In that sense, we will provide an overview of existing assessments answering the following three research questions: What assessments of indirect environmental effects of ICT have already been conducted? Editors Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Rpke, I.; Christensen, T.H. http://www.iso.org/iso/standards_development/technical_committees/list_of_iso_technical_committees/iso_technical_committee.htm?commid=654019. estimating the level of adoption of the use cases in the population, estimating the impact on GHG emissions per unit of adoption, and, estimating the rebound effect (for an example see, A feature that distinguishes ICTem from a partial footprint is that ICTem focuses on the mechanisms that cause the changes of environmental impact. Birsl, U. Anthony Giddens: The Constitution of Society. Impact of ICT on Environment | Research Square those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). We need a comprehensive evidence base of ICT's environmental impacts as well as mechanisms to ensure the responsible design of technology that is in-line with the Paris Agreement.". Focusing on consumption means to treat the demand levels for the several types of goods or services under study as endogenous variables. Lago, P.; Koak, S.A.; Crnkovic, I.; Penzenstadler, B. Framing Sustainability As a Property of Software Quality. In view of the large number of assessments that have been conducted, the choices made when applying assessment methods, and the variety of ICT use cases in different application domains investigated, we present a systematic literature review of existing assessments of indirect environmental effects of ICT. Kitou, E.; Horvath, A. It is therefore urgent to reverse the current direction of designing bulk software that requires more resources and concentrate on the development of software platforms that will require decreased resources. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. Due the large variety of ICT applications and assessment methods, it is difficult to compare these studies with each other. At the end of life of ICT hardware, recycling, disposing as e-waste in landfills or disassembling are additional impacts that affect the environment. Although it is arguable that a majority of these software platforms are unnecessarily bulk, they have been more effective in providing required services. Introduction 2. Review Of Literature 3. Action 3 Definition of Global KPIs for Data Services as per Mandate M/462. provides a market analysis of the construction industry in terms of the current and foresight integration of ICT and eBusiness solutions and systems; develops a framework for digital value networks in the construction sector. National Bureau of Economic Research, Guo J, Zhang Y, Zhang K (2018) The key sectors for energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction in China: evidence from the input-output method. In December 2021, the International Telecommunication Unions (ITU) study group for standardization related to Environment, Climate Change and Circular Economy held its Autumn meeting online. A series of standards on this topic have already been developed (ITU-T L.1220, ITU-T L.1221, ITU-T L.1222 , ITU-T K. Suppl.4, ITU-T K. Suppl.8, ITU-T K. Suppl.9, ITU-T K. Suppl.10, ITU-T K.Suppl.14, ITU-T K.Suppl.16, ITU-T K.Suppl.36). identifying GHG abatement levers (e.g., reduction in transport demand). Springer, Berlin, Heidelbeg, pp 236247, International Energy Agency (2009). In, Penzenstadler, B.; Bauer, V.; Calero, C.; Franch, X. Sustainability in software engineering: A systematic literature review. Assessments of indirect environmental effects of ICT address how and to what extent ICT as an enabling technology changes patterns of production and consumption in domains other than ICT. Get the latest science news in your RSS reader with ScienceDaily's hourly updated newsfeeds, covering hundreds of topics: Keep up to date with the latest news from ScienceDaily via social networks: Tell us what you think of ScienceDaily -- we welcome both positive and negative comments. Moreover, it is working to set the environmental requirements for 5G. Although data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been regarded as a validating efficiency evaluation approach, the data sources were constrained to the objective dataset. J Am Stat Assoc 62:500509, Pesaran, M. H. (2004). ; Birtel, M. Effects of Internet-based multiple-site conferences on greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, ITU-T SG5 also develops standards that aim to assess the sustainability impacts of ICTs and adapt ICT infrastructure to the effects of climate change within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including Recommendation ITU-T L.1440 - Methodology for environmental impact assessment of information and communication technologies at city level. American Political Science Review 89:634647, Ben-Jebli M, Youssef S, Ozturk I (2016) Testing environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: the role of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and trade in OECD countries. Edwards, J.B.; McKinnon, A.C.; Cullinane, S.L. The content of this website does not represent the opinion of the European Commission, and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that might be made of such content. As a signed-in user you can create content, become a member of a community, receive notifications on your favourite solutions and topics, and access all other features available on the platform. As can be expected, changes in production and consumption patterns are closely interrelated. https://www.dceureca.eu/. Most directly, information and communications technology (ICT) has environmental impacts through the manufacturing, operation and disposal of devices and network equipment, but it also. These are mainly based on two well-cited studies of the overarching indirect environmental effects of ICT [, Two studies could not be classified with respect to application domains. ICTs, the environment and climate change: Key issues 14:00 - 15:30 Session 1 Reducing environmental impacts during the ICT life cycle Session 2 Clean technologies for greener urban growth 15:30 - 16:00 Coffee break 16:00 - 17:30 Session 3 ICTs in pollution reduction and resource management Session 4 Innovation and behavioural change The guidebook Stimulating industrial innovation in the construction sector through the smart use of ICT: connecting SMEs in digital value chains (2012). With a life cycle approach (or cradle to grave), it provides: a basis to help cities take the right decisions as regards their ICT infrastructure and the relevant energy costs/environmental effects; a level playing field for industry to compete and innovate in providing the most sustainable solutions to cities. The standard (Recommendation ITU-T L.1330) is the first to define energy-efficiency metrics and measurement methods for live RANs, providing a common reference to evaluate their performance. CAS ; Moraga, M.. IEEE has standardisation activities that contribute to assessing and reducing the environmental impact of ICT such as the electronic product environmental assessmentseries, energy efficient Ethernetand a new Green ICT series of projects.