Download the official NPS app before your next visit. [1] The term civilis here had the very specific meaning of 'Roman citizen'. Some of these soldiers later went on to become famous writers, performers or even criminals, in some cases. Planters and other whites in the area fled their homes, leaving behind thousands of blacks whose status was somewhere between enslaved and free. No results match your search query. In spite of the warnings of officers, bouts of drinking and especially gambling broke out. Therefore, their personal motivations for fighting in the war had to be strong enough to compel them to risk their lives. The Civil War was the first war in American history in which a substantial proportion of the adult male population participated. Some recent estimates claim the totals were actually higher. Additionally, all records in this database have been transcribed from the National Archives' original documents; alternate names and/or misspellings are recorded as initially documented. Charleston and Columbia were the most significant centers of political, economic, military, and social activity throughout the war. When the Treasury Note Bureau was established in 1864 in Columbia, it took over the entire operation from engraving to distribution, employing young women to sign and cut sheets of currency and bonds. It is estimated that at least 20 percent of all Civil War soldiers were under 18 years of age. South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union in December 1860 and was one of the founding members of the Confederacy (February 1861). In 1861 the Union captured the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina and their main harbor, Port Royal. Painting by William Ranney, 1845. Soldiers had to deal with much boredom. About 2.75 million soldiers fought in the Civil War2 million for the North and 750,000 for the South. 600 Jewish soldiers died in the war. The reason these women were able to disguise themselves so easily is because of the large number of young boys and men in the army at the time, who were often small, boyish-looking, hairless males who lacked deep voices and strong builds. The African Americans demonstrated their ability to work the land efficiently and live independently of white control. A repeated concern is runaway slaves. U.S., Civil War Soldiers, 1861-1865 - Ancestry It is estimated that around 200,000 Union soldiers and over 100,000 Confederate soldiers deserted during the war. Sinha, Manisha. U.S., Confederate Army Casualty Lists and Reports, 1861-1865 - Ancestry Many plantation owners had already gone off with the Confederate Army; those still at home and their families fled. By selling their surplus crops, the locals acquired small amounts of property. South Carolina Civil War Service Records of Confederate Soldiers "Revolution or Counterrevolution? About 48 boys won a Medal of Honor for their bravery during battle. In December 1860, amid the secession crisis, former South Carolinian congressman John McQueen wrote to a group of civic leaders in Richmond, Virginia, regarding the reasons as to why South Carolina was contemplating secession from the United States. The result was a model of what Reconstruction could have been. Burton, E. Milby. Alfred P. Aldrich, a South Carolinian politician from Barnwell, stated that declaring secession would be necessary if a Republican candidate were to win the 1860 U.S. presidential election, stating that it was the only way for the state to preserve slavery and diminish the influence of the anti-slavery Republican Party, which, were its goals of abolition realized, would result in the "destruction of the South": If the Republican party with its platform of principles, the main feature of which is the abolition of slavery and, therefore, the destruction of the South, carries the country at the next Presidential election, shall we remain in the Union, or form a separate Confederacy? Only 12 Confederate soldiers were killed, as opposed to the Union's 339 losses. S165018. Several men born or raised in South Carolina became general officers, among them Stephen Elliott, Jr., and Johnson Hagood, who served for most of the war in their home state; Richard H. Anderson, Matthew C. Butler, Wade Hampton, Micah Jenkins, Joseph B. Kershaw, and James Longstreet, who served in the Army of Northern Virginia; and Ellison Capers, States Rights Gist, and Arthur M. Manigault, who served in the Army of Tennessee. Cauthen, Charles E. South Carolina Goes to War, 18601865. Insurgency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile, Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_civil_wars&oldid=1163174394, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from September 2013, All articles needing additional references, Articles that may contain original research from September 2014, All articles that may contain original research, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018, Articles with disputed statements from March 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 3 July 2023, at 10:37. Columbia: South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism, 1992. [25][26], The Port Royal Experiment was a program in which former slaves successfully worked on the land abandoned by planters. This is the great, grave issue. "Slavery, not states' rights, birthed the Civil War,"[17] argues sociologist James W. Loewen. The Port Royal disaster, for which Pickens and his administration were widely criticized by politicians, newspaper editors, and refugees forced to flee their homes, resulted in the creation of a new Executive Council in early 1862. The service records of these men, North and South, are contained in the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System. These guerrillas were secessionist civilians who wanted to defend the south but didnt want to join the army so they organized themselves into guerrillas bands to fight Union occupation. This record gives in as compact form as practicable the following : name; serial number; residence; branch of service; date and place of entry into service; place of birth and age; organizations served in, with dates of assignments and transfers; grades with dates of appointment; engagements, if any; wound received in action, with degree and date; if killed in action or died while in service; person notified, relationship and address; oversea service; date of discharge; citations. Officers were: Captain J. W. Gary - commander; Dr. R. C. Carlisle - Lieutenant commander; and J. F. J. Caldwell - 2nd Lieutenant commander. PDF Confederate Military Records - South Carolina Even before the state seceded, South Carolina had already begun making preparations for a war that most of her citizens believed either would never actually occur or would be of short duration. They have encouraged and assisted thousands of our slaves to leave their homes; and those who remain, have been incited by emissaries, books and pictures to servile insurrection. The men in gray cherished Dixie, Bonnie Blue Flag, Yellow Rose of Texas, and other songs. "Trespassers in the land of their birth: Blacks and landownership in South Carolina and Mississippi during the civil war and reconstruction, 18611877. Civil War Records: Basic Research Sources | National Archives Civil War Battles of South Carolina - Legends of America About 2 million of these soldiers fought for the Union and 750,000 fought for the Confederates. Sherman continued toward North Carolina, occasionally skirmishing along the way and burning or ransacking portions of Winnsboro, Camden, Chester, and Cheraw during the next two weeks. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1950. A few of the tribes who fought in the war include the Cherokee and the Seneca tribe. [11][12] James Buchanan, the United States president, declared the ordinance illegal but did not act to stop it. Genealogy Resources at the State Library: Military Records - South Carolina In the letter, McQueen claimed that U.S. president-elect Abraham Lincoln supported equality and civil rights for African Americans as well as the abolition of slavery, and thus South Carolina, being opposed to such measures, was compelled to secede: I have never doubted what Virginia would do when the alternatives present themselves to her intelligent and gallant people, to choose between an association with her sisters and the dominion of a people, who have chosen their leader [Abraham Lincoln] upon the single idea that the African is equal to the Anglo-Saxon, and with the purpose of placing our slaves on equality with ourselves and our friends of every condition! Facebook @CivilWarTimes Twitter @CivilWarTimes, History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. In the capital city, Shermans soldiers ransacked both the existing State House and the new unfinished one, and many of them roamed the streets drinking, frightening citizens, and looting at will. Rosen, Robert N. Confederate Charleston: An Illustrated History of the City and the People during the Civil War. 1976. Confederates were supposed to be supplied (but seldom were) with 12 ounces of bacon or 20 ounces of beef (usually salted) along with 18 ounces of flour or 20 ounces of corn meal or hard bread. "State Aid for Indigent Families of South Carolina Soldiers, 1861-1865.". The Carolinians could no longer wait if they hoped to take the fort before the U.S. Navy arrived. On April 10, the Mercury reprinted stories from New York papers that told of a naval expedition that had been sent southward toward Charleston. After meeting the requirements of Reconstruction, including ratifying amendments to the US Constitution to abolish slavery and grant citizenship to former slaves, South Carolina's representatives were readmitted to Congress. The term is an alternative title for the work sometimes called Pharsalia by Lucan (Marcus Annaeus Lucanus) about the Roman civil wars that began in the last third of the second century BC. South Carolina also was the only Confederate state not to harbor pockets of anti-secessionist sentiment strong enough to send regiments of white men to fight for the Union, as every other state in the Confederacy did. In addition to the database, Rosholt served as . Library of Congress Also offered in: Espaol Share to Google Classroom Added by 568 Educators The following civil wars are ongoing as of April 2023. Over the next few weeks Federal troops occupied Beaufort, Port Royal, Hilton Head, and the neighboring Sea Islands. Black Soldiers in the Civil War | National Archives A second attempt, by the 24th Mass. Power, J. Tracy. While the supplies were on their way, General P. G. T. Beauregard, the Confederate commander in Charleston, demanded that Anderson surrender the fort. In addition, they objected that New England states let black men vote and tolerated abolitionist societies. They assigned themselves daily tasks for cotton growing and spent their extra time cultivating their own crops, fishing and hunting. Robert Smalls (1839 1915) was born into slavery in Beaufort, South Carolina. Around 35,000 soldiers who survived the war were left disabled and over 100,000 of them developed Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. On February 21, 1865, with the Confederate forces finally evacuated from Charleston, the black 54th Massachusetts Regiment marched through the city. Approximately 179,000 black soldiers wore the blue; 37,000 lost their lives. Civil War | National Archives We, of South Carolina, hope soon to great you in a Southern Confederacy, where white men shall rule our destinies, and from which we may transmit to our posterity the rights, privileges and honor left us by our ancestors. After South Carolina declared its secession, former congressman James L. Petigru famously remarked, "South Carolina is too small for a republic and too large for an insane asylum. Civil War Soldiers - CIVIL WAR SAGA See List of ongoing armed conflicts and lists of active separatist movements for lists with a wider scope. Approximately 400 women disguised themselves as men and joined the army to serve as soldiers for both the Confederate and Union army. According to the Civil War Trust, between 620,000 - 850,000 soldiers died from combat, disease and starvation during the Civil War. Request Copies of Records You can order online or use NATF Form 86 for military service records and NATF Form 85 for pension records. One of Sherman's men declared, "Here is where treason began and, by God, here is where it shall end! Volume 3 Infantry Volume 4 Cavalry and Artillery Volume 5 Miscellaneous and State Troops These rolls were compiled over a 35 year period following the Civil War by the state adjutant general and confederate historian in an effort to record the participation of South Carolina troops in the war. Online Civil War Indexes, Records and Rosters - Military Indexes One affecting South Carolina was the removal of all U.S. military forces from the former Confederate states. This is the Official Roster of the South Carolina soldiers, sailors and marines who served in the World War and contains the names and records, briefly compiled, of the men and women from this state who responded to the call of the President when the United States entered the great conflict. In December 1861, South Carolina received $100,000 from Georgia after a disastrous fire in Charleston. Research OnLine - South Carolina Civil War Soldiers Index Those States have assumed the right of deciding upon the propriety of our domestic institutions; and have denied the rights of property established in fifteen of the States and recognized by the Constitution; they have denounced as sinful the institution of Slavery; they have permitted the open establishment among them of societies, whose avowed object is to disturb the peace and to eloign the property of the citizens of other States.