Sand Dune Fences: How to Build a Stronger Dune System - Dune Doctors 2005; Hesp and Hilton 2013) which produced significant contrasts in the dune form and mobility between native pioneer species and the introduced Ammophila. 2017). It is also recognized that the dynamics of coastal dunes will vary with the coastal setting and with the evolution of the coast and the dune field itself (Barrett-Mold and Burningham 2010) so that dunes of barrier islands, such as those on the east coast of North America and the west coast of Europe enclosing the Wadden Sea, are likely to be more dynamic compared to many British dunes because of the absence of stability provided by bedrock substrate and headlands, and the relatively regular occurrence of hurricanes and significant storm surge. Shared experience of European conservation practice. Finally, 4) Encouraging people to access and enjoy dunes is actually a call to allow visitors to trample the dune vegetation and create random bare sand pathways. Coastal dunes are experiencing increases in vegetation cover and reduced mobility levels in many sites around the world. Appl Veg Sci 13:100112, Pontee N (2013) Defining coastal squeeze: a discussion. As a result, in humid environments such as that of western Europe, mobilization of dunes landward of the foredune is initiated primarily by disturbance of the foredune, either naturally or as a result of human activities, while disturbance originating from within the dunefield is commonly caused by human activities. In effect there will still be significant human impact on the natural system just of a different sort. Several examples show that sand fences can also increase the stability of the dune belt during heavy storms[4]. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 6792, Hesp PA, Martinez M (2007) Disturbance processes and dynamics in coastal dunes. Dune rehabilitation refers to the restoration of dunes from a more impaired, to a less impaired or unimpaired state of overall function, in order to gain the greatest coastal protection benefits (Linham & Nicholls 2010). Biometeor. 2017; Pickart and Hesp 2019). Harris, M.E., Ellis, J.T. Liverpool University Press, pp 95107, Houston JA (2016) Summary report, LIFE platform meeting: restoration of sand dune habitats, June 2016, Zandvoort, The Netherlands, Houston JA, Edmondson SE, and Rooney PJ (eds) (2001) Coastal dune management. Plants and techniques for sand dune reclamation in Australia, Internat. Springer, Cham, Seabloom EW, Williams JW, Slayback D, Stoms DM, Viers J, Hand Dobson AP (2006) Human impacts, plant invasion, and imperiled, plant species in California. Shared experience of European conservation practice. Their activities are therefore not often a good example to follow because the scenarios for coastal dune management in Europe are much more diverse and the context varies markedly depending on the particular history and drivers at each dune field. Altmetric, Part of the Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series book series (EESS). Dune construction and stabilisation | Climate Technology Centre Reshaping of the dune into an aerodynamically stable form is sometimes necessary prior to stabilization, and in certain circumstances, such as in the case of badly eroded frontal dunes, complete . Again, the true reason is not well understood. (in Danish), (Man, Sea Coast and Sand in English). It moves backwards parallel with the eroding coastline and at the same time it maintains its form and volume as well as a wide beach. J Ecol 48:117141, Ranwell DS (1960b) Newborough Warren, Anglesey: III Changes in the vegetation on parts of the dune system after the loss of rabbits by myxomatosis. It took nearly 40years for a vegetated foredune to be restored, during which time large volumes of sand were transported inland and a new transgressive dune field was formed (Mathew et al. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Pros Maintains natural coastal environment Provides important wildlife habitat Relatively cheap & sustainable. Proceedings of the European Symposium Coastal Dunes of the Atlantic Biogeographical Region, Southport, NW England, September 1998, Liverpool University Press, pp 8085, Cabrera-Vega LL, Cruz-Avero N, Hernndez-Calvento L, Hernndez-Cordero AI, Fernndez-Cabrera E (2013) Morphological changes in dunes as an indicator of anthropogenic interferences in arid dune fields. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. 2017). Afforestation in dunefields has been a common method of dune stabilization since the mid-20th century (e.g., van der Meulen and Salman 1996). Sand dune stabilisation. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 1731, Nordstrom KF, Psuty N, Carter B (1990) Coastal dunes: form and process, Wiley, Osswald F, Dolch T, Reise K (2019) Remobilizing stabilized island dunes for keeping up with sea level rise? sediment size and mineralogy) and controlling processes (e.g., precipitation and temperature; wind and wave climate; littoral and dune sediment budgets) in determining the characteristics of dune form, dynamics and evolution (Arens et al. 2017). Many of these projects include efforts to reduce vegetation cover through actions ranging from increased grazing, mowing, removal of invasive plant species, and the use of heavy machinery to clear vegetation and to produce artificial blowouts and slots connecting foredunes to inland dunes (Burton 2001; Hoffmann et al. J Coast Res 22:10941107, Arens SM, Mulder JP, Slings QL, Geelen LH, Damsma P (2013) Dynamic dune management, integrating objectives of nature development and coastal safety: examples from the Netherlands. Environ Pollut 158:29402945, Ten Harkel MJ (1996) The effects of particle-size distribution and chloride depletion of sea-salt aerosols on estimating atmospheric deposition at a coastal site. In: Martnez ML, Gallego-Fernndez JB, Hesp PA (eds) Restoration of coastal dunes, Springer series on environmental management. Thanks to Jeff Ollerhead and an anonymous reviewer for comments on the submitted draft. NSW 2001. The most effective long-term method of dune stabilisation is through the use of vegetation. A commentary, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-019-00716-9, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/threatened-sand-dunes-given-a-new-lease-of-life, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=6812, https://naturalresources.wales/about-us/news-and-events/news/restoring-newborough-s-sand-dunes/?lang=en. Dunes form when wind blows sand into a sheltered area behind an obstacle. Dune stabilization | SpringerLink However, in some cases, this has resulted in complete fixing of the dune position and an unnatural growth in height. Natural stabilization of dunefields is also now common across the southern hemisphere (and likely not just due to rabbit control as it has occurred where rabbits were never present). Plant Biosyst 150:7382, Martnez LM, Gallego-Fernndez JB, Hesp PA (2013) Restoration of coastal dunes, springer series on environmental management. Shared experience of European conservation practice. Introduction Vegetation plays a vital role in dune formation andstabilization. PDF Building and Planting Coastal Sand Dunes: Dune Vegetation - Sea Grant Dune strengthening, rehabilitation and restoration Advantages and Disadvantages of Soft Shoreline Stabilization Instead, the consequences of direct human actions leading to artificial dune landscapes (from planting pine trees and widespread issues associated to invasive species to destroying native dune grasses via trampling or with machinery) are well-understood and can be prevented. On the East and Gulf coasts of the United States similar variability is associated with the random pattern of the landfall of tropical cyclones (hurricanes) (e.g., Lindner and Neuhauser 2018). 2013; Calvo et al. Dune Fencing | Coastal Management Webguide - RISC KIT Dune stabilisation by vegetation is a sustainable protection measure, enhancing the natural protection ability of dune areas. J Coast Res 21:11661172, Davidson-Arnott RGD, Bauer BO, Houser C (2019) Introduction to coastal processes and geomorphology, 2nd edn. Global Planet Change 172:88103, Plassmann K, Jones MLM, Edwards-Jones G (2010) Effects of long-term grazing management on sand dune vegetation of high conservation interest. Aside from efforts to remove, and at the very least, control the further spread of invasive species, there is no evidence that removing native dune grasses and mature vegetation is restoration but rather landscaping to create desirable dune habitats. 2001). Mangor, K., Drnen, N. K., Kaergaard, K.H. In Britain there have been similar concerns over dune stabilization and sealing (Rhind et al. Purple milk-vetch and dune gentian, two other rare dune gems, face an increasingly uncertain future without the help of this exciting project. Rejuvenation works at the seaward side of dune fields (ab) and inside dune fields (ce) in National Nature Reserves (NNR) in Wales, including (a) complete vegetation stripping (Kenfig NNR), (b) excavation of artificial notches (Newborough Warren NNR), and (cd) creation of dune slacks and (e) artificial dunes with the sand extracted from excavation areas (Merthyr Mawr NNR). These species are mainly ones which are associated with bare sand areas, blowouts, deflation plains and basins, and dune slack wetlands. 2019; Osswald et al. planted on sand dunes stabilises the dunes and helps to trap sand to build them up. In: Houston JA, Edmondson SE, Rooney PJ (eds) Coastal dune management. In: Johnson EA, Miyanishi K (eds) Plant disturbance ecology: the process and response. 2013; Rodgers et al. Dune Stabilisation You have been given dune stabilisation as your method of coastal protection. 2019) and that it can increase the risk of coastal erosion (Lindell et al. 5.2 Contemporary Management of Coastal Dune Ecosystems Dune Nourishment. 2010), and the rabbit populations have been reduced (Ranwell 1960b), there is little evidence suggesting that the trend towards vegetation colonization and stabilization of dunes and dune sealing observed over the last few decades is also not natural. volume23,pages 10931103 (2019)Cite this article, A Commentary to this article was published on 13 January 2021, A Commentary to this article was published on 11 May 2020. Springer, New York, NY. e leaves of beach grass andother plants on a dune act as collectors for blowingsand. Variability may also be stochastic, reflecting the interaction of changing storm tracks, and coastal form and orientation (Masselink et al. Proceedings of the European symposium coastal dunes of the Atlantic biogeographical region, Southport, NW England, September 1998. J Appl Ecol 50:13671376, Miot da Silva G, Hesp PA, Keim B, Martinho CT, Ferligoj Y (2013) Changes in dunefield geomorphology and vegetation cover as a response to local and regional climate variations. Part V, Ch. Conference Report Dynamic Dunes, October 2015, Zandvoort, The Netherlands, Gmez-Pina G, Muoz-Prez JJ, Ramrez JL, Ley C (2002) Sand dune management problems and techniques, Spain. V.7.17-V.7.21. 2015; Houston 2016), and justified within the context of implementing the Habitats Directive (EU Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora).